Experiencias de vida de un grupo de personas adultas mayores del Área Metropolitana que, durante su adultez media, se jubilaron anticipadamente por invalidez
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Castro Hernández, German
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En esta investigación, se aborda el fenómeno de la jubilación anticipada por invalidez que surge a partir de la interrogante: ¿Cómo han sido las experiencias de vida de un grupo de personas adultas mayores que durante su adultez media se jubilaron anticipadamente por invalidez? El objetivo principal fue analizar las experiencias de vida de las personas participantes desde el enfoque cualitativo. Situaciones como accidentes laborales, accidentes de tránsito y el surgimiento de enfermedades incapacitantes pueden limitar la capacidad funcional y la continuidad laboral de las personas aun cuando no están en edad de jubilación. La jubilación anticipada por invalidez, como vía de acceso a la jubilación, constituye un problema de salud pública dadas las repercusiones que conlleva, entre ellas, la precipitación forzosa de la etapa laboral a la jubilación con los respectivos cambios que demandan el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento en la persona. Esta investigación destaca el hito de la jubilación anticipada de carácter forzoso por invalidez, y aborda la pregunta de investigación desde el paradigma naturalista cualitativo; el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico utiliza el relato de vida como técnica de recolección de datos e incluye tres categorías de análisis que comprenden: las experiencias de vida, cambios psicosociales y estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las personas entrevistadas. Incluye a 6 personas adultas mayores: dos mujeres y cuatro hombres que han vivido la experiencia de jubilación anticipada por invalidez. Los resultados más relevantes revelan que la jubilación anticipada por invalidez implica experiencias complejas relacionadas con la pérdida de roles, el impacto físico y emocional, así como la necesidad de redefinir la identidad. Los cambios psicosociales que surgen son profundos, afectan diversas áreas de la vida y requieren un enfoque integral para abordar la transición de la vida laboral hacia la jubilación. Las estrategias de afrontamiento que las personas desarrollan son claves para su adaptación y bienestar, les ayudan a manejar las dificultades físicas, económicas y emocionales. Las conclusiones más destacadas consisten en que la jubilación anticipada por invalidez genera profundos cambios psicosociales que afectan de manera integral a la persona que la experimenta llevándole a la redefinición del propósito y la identidad personal. Los cambios más medulares son los físicos, influyen en lo emocional, social y económico. Las personas suelen experimentar trastornos emocionales como ansiedad y depresión debido al menoscabo de su funcionalidad por lo que el apoyo familiar, social y comunitario es clave para la adaptación.
This research addresses the phenomenon of early retirement due to disability that arises from the question: What have been the life experiences of a group of older adults who, during their middle adulthood, retired early due to disability? The main objective was to analyze the life experiences of the participants, which is why it is a qualitative study. Situations such as work accidents, traffic accidents and the emergence of disabling diseases can limit the functional capacity and work continuity of people even when they are not of retirement age. Early retirement due to disability as a means of access to retirement constitutes a public health problem given the repercussions it entails, including the forced precipitation from the working stage to retirement with the respective changes that require the person to develop recovery coping strategies. This research highlights the milestone of forced early retirement due to disability and addresses the research question from the qualitative naturalistic paradigm, the phenomenological-hermeneutic method uses the life story as a data collection technique, and includes three categories of analysis: life experiences, psychosocial changes and coping strategies used by the people interviewed. It includes 6 older adults: two women and four men who have experienced early retirement due to disability. The most relevant results reveal that early retirement due to disability involves complex experiences related to the loss of roles, the physical and emotional impact, as well as the need to redefine identity. The psychosocial changes that arise are profound, affecting various areas of life and requiring a comprehensive approach to address the transition from working life to retirement. The coping strategies that people develop are key to their adaptation and well-being, helping them manage physical, economic and emotional difficulties. The most notable conclusions are that early retirement due to disability generates profound psychosocial changes that comprehensively affect the person who experiences it, leading to the redefinition of purpose and personal identity. The most fundamental changes are the physical ones that influence the emotional, social and economic aspects. People often experience emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression due to impaired functionality, so family, social and community support is key to adaptation.
This research addresses the phenomenon of early retirement due to disability that arises from the question: What have been the life experiences of a group of older adults who, during their middle adulthood, retired early due to disability? The main objective was to analyze the life experiences of the participants, which is why it is a qualitative study. Situations such as work accidents, traffic accidents and the emergence of disabling diseases can limit the functional capacity and work continuity of people even when they are not of retirement age. Early retirement due to disability as a means of access to retirement constitutes a public health problem given the repercussions it entails, including the forced precipitation from the working stage to retirement with the respective changes that require the person to develop recovery coping strategies. This research highlights the milestone of forced early retirement due to disability and addresses the research question from the qualitative naturalistic paradigm, the phenomenological-hermeneutic method uses the life story as a data collection technique, and includes three categories of analysis: life experiences, psychosocial changes and coping strategies used by the people interviewed. It includes 6 older adults: two women and four men who have experienced early retirement due to disability. The most relevant results reveal that early retirement due to disability involves complex experiences related to the loss of roles, the physical and emotional impact, as well as the need to redefine identity. The psychosocial changes that arise are profound, affecting various areas of life and requiring a comprehensive approach to address the transition from working life to retirement. The coping strategies that people develop are key to their adaptation and well-being, helping them manage physical, economic and emotional difficulties. The most notable conclusions are that early retirement due to disability generates profound psychosocial changes that comprehensively affect the person who experiences it, leading to the redefinition of purpose and personal identity. The most fundamental changes are the physical ones that influence the emotional, social and economic aspects. People often experience emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression due to impaired functionality, so family, social and community support is key to adaptation.
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jubilación anticipada por invalidez, experiencias de vida, cambios psicosociales, afrontamiento, personas adultas mayores, gerontología, early retirement due to disability, life experiences, psychosocial changes, older adults, gerontology
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