Efecto de la solarización y del basamid sobre semillas de seis especies de malezas y el chile dulce (Capsicum annum)
Archivos
Fecha
1997
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Morales, José Guillermo
Herrera Murillo, Franklin
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Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
En la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica, se evaluó el efecto de la solarización (periodos de 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 y 9 semanas) sobre semillas de seis especies de malezas ubicadas a tres profundidades en el perfil del suelo y sobre el chile dulce sembrado después de retirar las coberturas plásticas. Además se comparó agronómicamente el método de la solarización con el uso del basamid. Las semillas de las malezas fueron extraídas y colocadas en condiciones adecuadas para germinación. En esta condición, la mayor reducción en la germinación de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus (90% de tubérculos muertos) se encontró cuando estuvieron distribuidos de 0 a 20 cm de profundidad y recibieron nueve semanas de solarización. Esta última resultó poco efectiva para eliminar semillas sexuales de Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Amaranthus espinosus, Digitaria sp., Portulaca oleracea y Bidens pilosa, ya que aún, con nueve semanas de solarización se detectaron porcentajes de germinación entre 10 y 48 %. El basamid no fue efectivo para controlar Cyperus rotundus, Rottboellia cochinchinensis y Amaranthus espinosus, y tuvo un efecto intermedio sobre Portulaca oleracea y Digitaria sp. En las camas solarizadas se observó buen control de malezas con periodos de solarización mayores a cuatro semanas, reduciéndose el efecto cuando el suelo fue disturbado. Periodos de solarización entre dos y ocho semanas estimularon una mayor, altura y biomasa (raíces, tallos y hojas) de las plantas de chile dulce.
The solarization effects (periods of 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 weeks) on the seeds of six weed species, located at three depths in the soil profile, and on the pepper after removing the plastic mulches, was evaluated at the Fabio Baudrit Experiment Station, in Alajuela, Costa Rica. Besides, the solarization method was agronomically compared to the use of basamid. The weed seeds were extracted and placed under adequate germinating conditions. Reduction of Cyperus rotundus tubers (90% of dead tubers) was found when they were distributed from 0 to 20 cm deep and received nine weeks of solarization. The latter solarization was little effective to eliminate sexual seeds of Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Amaranthus espinosus, Digitaria sp., Portulaca oleracea and Bidens pilosa, because germination percentages from 10 to 48% were detected even with nine weeks of solarization. The basamid was not effective for controlling C. rotundus, R. cochinchinensis and A. espinosus, but showed an intermediate effect on P. oleracea and Digitaria sp. A good weed control was observed in beds with solarization periods of over four weeks, reducing its effect when the soil was disturbed. Solarization periods from two to eight weeks stimulated a larger population, height and biomass (roots, stems and leaves) of the pepper plants.
The solarization effects (periods of 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 weeks) on the seeds of six weed species, located at three depths in the soil profile, and on the pepper after removing the plastic mulches, was evaluated at the Fabio Baudrit Experiment Station, in Alajuela, Costa Rica. Besides, the solarization method was agronomically compared to the use of basamid. The weed seeds were extracted and placed under adequate germinating conditions. Reduction of Cyperus rotundus tubers (90% of dead tubers) was found when they were distributed from 0 to 20 cm deep and received nine weeks of solarization. The latter solarization was little effective to eliminate sexual seeds of Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Amaranthus espinosus, Digitaria sp., Portulaca oleracea and Bidens pilosa, because germination percentages from 10 to 48% were detected even with nine weeks of solarization. The basamid was not effective for controlling C. rotundus, R. cochinchinensis and A. espinosus, but showed an intermediate effect on P. oleracea and Digitaria sp. A good weed control was observed in beds with solarization periods of over four weeks, reducing its effect when the soil was disturbed. Solarization periods from two to eight weeks stimulated a larger population, height and biomass (roots, stems and leaves) of the pepper plants.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Energía solar, control ambiental, calentamiento del suelo, malezas, herbicidas, Rott- boellia cochinchinensis, Amaranthus espinosus, Bidens pilosa, Portulaca oleracea, Digitaria sp., Cyperus rotundus, Capsicum annuum, Costa Rica., Solar energy, environmental control, soil heating, pepper, weeds, herbicides, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Amaranthus espinosus, Bidens pilosa, Portulaca oleracea, Digitaria sp., Cyperus rotundus, Capsicum annuum, Costa Rica