Una aproximación culturalista y situada para estudiar el miedo de las personas jóvenes
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Este artículo, de naturaleza teórica, problematiza la emoción del miedo, reflexionando sobre el contexto macro y microsocial que opera como caldo de cultivo para dicha emoción. El texto inicia indicando a través de la noción de miedo generalizado (deslocalizado, ominipresente, globalizado) una de sus características actuales, señalando después algunos referentes históricos para pensar el miedo, tal como el abodaje biologicista y la noción de culpa. Se parte de la perspectiva culturalista y de la investigación situada, se incorpora la visión crítica para problematizar las relaciones de poder; se incluye además la dimensión del cuerpo a partir de las propuestas del giro afectivo. Se problematizan tanto las llamadas sociabilidades del miedo desde el binomio confianza/desconfianza, como las lógicas de la felicidad y heróica; luego se discute el miedo como emoción política y de control social (miedo como herramienta, condición, fin y resultado). Se propone además una tipología que las articula según su dimensión vincular o su relación con el contexto, allí se ubican las que denominamos fuentes del miedo, sean estas fuentes naturales, económicas o vinculadas con la salud, entre otras y se piensan los objetos del miedo relacionados directamente con cada una de esas fuentes
This theoretical article problematizes the emotion of fear, reflecting on the macro- and microsocial context that serves as a breeding ground for this emotion. The text begins by indicating, through the notion of generalized fear (delocalized, omnipresent, globalized), one of its current characteristics, and then points out some historical references for thinking about fear, such as the biological approach and the notion of guilt. It starts from a culturalist perspective and situated research, incorporating a critical vision to problematize power relations; it also includes the dimension of the body based on the proposals of the affective turn. It problematizes both the so-called sociabilities of fear from the trust/distrust binomial, as well as the logics of happiness and heroism; it then discusses fear as a political emotion and one of social control (fear as a tool, condition, end, and result). A typology is also proposed that articulates fear according to their relational dimension or their relationship with the context. It includes what we call sources of fear, whether these are natural, economic, or health-related, among others, and considers the objects of fear directly related to each of these sources.
This theoretical article problematizes the emotion of fear, reflecting on the macro- and microsocial context that serves as a breeding ground for this emotion. The text begins by indicating, through the notion of generalized fear (delocalized, omnipresent, globalized), one of its current characteristics, and then points out some historical references for thinking about fear, such as the biological approach and the notion of guilt. It starts from a culturalist perspective and situated research, incorporating a critical vision to problematize power relations; it also includes the dimension of the body based on the proposals of the affective turn. It problematizes both the so-called sociabilities of fear from the trust/distrust binomial, as well as the logics of happiness and heroism; it then discusses fear as a political emotion and one of social control (fear as a tool, condition, end, and result). A typology is also proposed that articulates fear according to their relational dimension or their relationship with the context. It includes what we call sources of fear, whether these are natural, economic, or health-related, among others, and considers the objects of fear directly related to each of these sources.
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Miedo, Emociones, Cultura, Juventud, Tipología, Fear, Emotions, Culture, Youth, Typology
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