Criptosporidiosis en niños de Costa Rica: estudio transveral y longitudinal
Fecha
1984-01-04
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Mata Jiménez, Leonardo
Bolaños Acuña, Hilda
Pizarro Torres, Daniel
Vives Blanco, Marcela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Revista de Biología Tropical 32(1) p.129-135
Resumen
Se estudió una población de niños lactantes y preescolares, con y sin diarrea, de las áreas urbano y rural de los altiplanos de Costa Rica, observados respectivamente en un servicio de emergencia de un hospital metropolitano y en una estación de campo rural. Los niños del hospital formaron parte de una investigación vertical, mientras que los rurales pertenecían a falanges observadas longitudinalmente en su propio ecosistema. Se encontró Cryptosporidium asociado a diarrea aguda en el 4,3% , generalmente con cuadros severos en el área urbana y diarreas leves en la rural. La infección en el área urbana generalmente se presentó en niños menores de un año de edad, mientras que en la rural, los niños fueron de más edad. Esta situación probablemente está relacionada con los hábitos de alimentación y destete, por cuanto no se observaron infecciones en niños que recibían el seno materno, ya que los niños del área rural recibieron lactancia natural durante los primeros meses de vida, mientras que los del área urbana no fueron amamantados o fueron destetados prematuramente. Cryptosporidium apareció en los meses cálidos y húmedos en ambas poblaciones, lo que sugiere una influencia climatológica sobre la infección. Todos los casos urbanos presentaron deshidratación, que evolucion6 satisfactoriamente con rehidratación oral. Dos casos rurales mostraron tendencia a la cronicidad.
The present report is a systematic study of children, with and without diarrhea from Costa Rican metropolitan areas and southern rural higlands. Children were observed, respectively, at emergencies, Hospital Nacional de Niños, and in a field station in Puriscal; urban children were studied vertically, rural children were observed prospectively (cohort study). Cryptosporielhon sp. was found in 4.3% of the cases of diarrhea; diahrrea was generally severe in urban children, but mild in the rural, Infection was detected in urban children less than one year of age: contrasting, no rural infants were found infected, which might be related to breast-feeding, since Puriscal infants were intensively breast-fed for several months, while many urban infants were not breast-fed or were weaned earlier. Cryptosporidium sp. appeared during the warm, rainy and humid months of May through August, when the coccidium was associated with 14.8% of the urban and 15.4% of the rural diarrheas. All urban cases presented dehydration which was corrected with oral rehydration salt therapy, and occasionally with intravenous fluids; dehydration was not common in the rural cases.
The present report is a systematic study of children, with and without diarrhea from Costa Rican metropolitan areas and southern rural higlands. Children were observed, respectively, at emergencies, Hospital Nacional de Niños, and in a field station in Puriscal; urban children were studied vertically, rural children were observed prospectively (cohort study). Cryptosporielhon sp. was found in 4.3% of the cases of diarrhea; diahrrea was generally severe in urban children, but mild in the rural, Infection was detected in urban children less than one year of age: contrasting, no rural infants were found infected, which might be related to breast-feeding, since Puriscal infants were intensively breast-fed for several months, while many urban infants were not breast-fed or were weaned earlier. Cryptosporidium sp. appeared during the warm, rainy and humid months of May through August, when the coccidium was associated with 14.8% of the urban and 15.4% of the rural diarrheas. All urban cases presented dehydration which was corrected with oral rehydration salt therapy, and occasionally with intravenous fluids; dehydration was not common in the rural cases.
Descripción
artículo -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de investigaciones en Salud, 1984
Palabras clave
urbano marginal, Crystosporidium, Diarrea, Salud pública, Pobreza, Nivel de vida