Proyecto Socioeducativo virtual sobre salud bucodental dirigido a personas funcionarias de un albergue para personas adultas mayores en Costa Rica durante la pandemia 2021
Fecha
2023
Autores
Madrigal Mora, María Fernanda
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El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación aplicada fue desarrollar un proyecto
socioeducativo virtual sobre salud bucodental dirigido a las personas funcionarias de un
albergue para adultos mayores en Costa Rica durante la pandemia del 2021. En específico,
se enfocó en el albergue de la Asociación de Atención Integral de la Tercera Edad de Alajuela
(AAITEA). Este estudio se basó en un enfoque cualitativo, por lo que se utilizó el paradigma
crítico y la metodología de investigación aplicada. Es importante destacar que inicialmente
el proyecto se había planificado de forma presencial, sin embargo, debido a la situación
generada por la COVID-19, se adaptó para llevarlo a cabo en un entorno virtual. Por lo tanto,
este proyecto se convierte en uno de los primeros trabajos finales de graduación en adoptar
esta modalidad y aprovechar el uso de las tecnologías de información y la comunicación
(TIC). El proyecto se inició con un diagnóstico que recopiló por medio de un cuestionario
en Google Forms datos sociodemográficos, virtuales y laborales relevantes, de 18 personas
funcionarias de AAITEA para garantizar su participación en el proyecto. Además, se llevó a
cabo un foro de discusión sobre temas que se relacionan con la salud bucodental en el cual
se identificaron mitos que se relacionan con el deterioro bucodental en la vejez. Asimismo,
se abordó el desconocimiento general sobre el tema, se discutieron los cambios, afecciones
y problemas bucodentales más comunes en las personas adultas mayores y se analizaron
aspectos sociales, psicológicos y biológicos de la salud e higiene bucodental.
En cuanto al diseño, se implementó de manera sincrónica utilizando la plataforma telemática
Zoom Meetings, además el uso de herramientas como WhatsApp, YouTube y Google Forms.
Estas plataformas virtuales facilitaron la comunicación y el intercambio de ideas, lo que creó
un entorno de aprendizaje efectivo y participativo. En general, el proyecto virtual fue
altamente efectivo en la mejora del conocimiento, las actitudes y las prácticas de las personas
funcionarias, lo que ha tenido un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida y la salud bucodental
de las personas adultas mayores bajo su cuidado. La metodología que se utiliza y la persona
facilitadora recibieron una alta calificación, lo que generó un nivel de satisfacción
considerable entre las personas participantes y contribuyó con el éxito general del proyecto.
The objective of this applied research work was to develop a virtualsocio-educational project on oral health aimed at the caregivers of a shelter for older adults in Costa Rica during the pandemic of 2021. Specifically, it focused on the shelter of the Asociación de Atención Integral de la Tercera Edad de Alajuela (AAITEA). This research was based on a qualitative approach, using the critical paradigm and applied research method. It is important to note that initially, the project had been planned in a face-to-face manner. However, due to the situation generated by Covid-19, it was adapted to be carried out in a virtual environment. Therefore, this project becomes one of the first graduation final projects to adopt this modality and take advantage of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The project began with a diagnosis that collected relevant sociodemographic and employment data through a Google Forms questionnaire, as well as the digital knowledge and skills of 18 AAITEA caregivers to ensure their participation in the project. In addition, a discussion forum was held on topics related to oral health in which myths related to oral deterioration in old age were identified, the general lack of knowledge on the subject was addressed, the most common changes, conditions and oral problems in older adults were discussed, and social, psychological, and biological aspects of oral health and hygiene were analyzed. All these aspects were considered for implementation in the virtual socioeducational project. In terms of design, the project was based on the knowledge acquired and the results of the diagnosis. It was implemented synchronously using the Zoom Meetings platform, as well as tools such as WhatsApp, YouTube, and Google Forms. These virtual platforms facilitated communication and the exchange of ideas, creating an effective and participatory learning environment. Overall, the virtual project was highly effective in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the staff, which has had a positive impact on the quality of life and oral health of the older adults under their care. The methodology used and the facilitator were highly rated, which generated a considerable level of satisfaction among the participants and contributed to the overall success of the project.
The objective of this applied research work was to develop a virtualsocio-educational project on oral health aimed at the caregivers of a shelter for older adults in Costa Rica during the pandemic of 2021. Specifically, it focused on the shelter of the Asociación de Atención Integral de la Tercera Edad de Alajuela (AAITEA). This research was based on a qualitative approach, using the critical paradigm and applied research method. It is important to note that initially, the project had been planned in a face-to-face manner. However, due to the situation generated by Covid-19, it was adapted to be carried out in a virtual environment. Therefore, this project becomes one of the first graduation final projects to adopt this modality and take advantage of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The project began with a diagnosis that collected relevant sociodemographic and employment data through a Google Forms questionnaire, as well as the digital knowledge and skills of 18 AAITEA caregivers to ensure their participation in the project. In addition, a discussion forum was held on topics related to oral health in which myths related to oral deterioration in old age were identified, the general lack of knowledge on the subject was addressed, the most common changes, conditions and oral problems in older adults were discussed, and social, psychological, and biological aspects of oral health and hygiene were analyzed. All these aspects were considered for implementation in the virtual socioeducational project. In terms of design, the project was based on the knowledge acquired and the results of the diagnosis. It was implemented synchronously using the Zoom Meetings platform, as well as tools such as WhatsApp, YouTube, and Google Forms. These virtual platforms facilitated communication and the exchange of ideas, creating an effective and participatory learning environment. Overall, the virtual project was highly effective in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the staff, which has had a positive impact on the quality of life and oral health of the older adults under their care. The methodology used and the facilitator were highly rated, which generated a considerable level of satisfaction among the participants and contributed to the overall success of the project.