Modulación de propiedades optoelectrónicas en compuestos con esqueletos SI–SI: síntesis y caracterización de ciclohexasilanos y oxatetrasilaciclopentanos sustituidos con grupos fenilo y Tert-Butilo
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
El silicio ha sido un pilar en el desarrollo de materiales para la industria electrónica, tanto por su abundancia, como por la versatilidad de sus propiedades optoelectrónicas. Además del silicio cristalino utilizado en la industria, existen grupos de compuestos moleculares basados en enlaces Si–Si cuyo comportamiento electrónico puede modularse mediante cambios estructurales finos. En esta Tesis se estudiaron las rutas sintéticas de ciclosilanos y oxatetrasilaciclopentanos altamente sustituidos y su respectiva caracterización estructural y espectroscópica, con el fin de comprender cómo la geometría de anillo, la naturaleza y posición de los sustituyentes o la presencia de heteroátomos influyen en sus propiedades optoelectrónicas.
El primer apartado de la Tesis se centró en la síntesis del ciclohexasilano 48. Se logró aislar los isómeros cis y trans, cuyas diferencias estructurales se observaron a través del análisis por RMN, UV-Vis y DRX. La comparación entre isómeros permitió observar cómo pequeñas variaciones estructurales repercuten en las transiciones electrónicas.
El segundo apartado abordó la formación de los oxatetrasilaciclopentanos cis‑89 y trans‑89, derivados de la hidrólisis controlada del bistriflato electrofílico 90. La incorporación del átomo de O en el anillo introdujo nuevas dinámicas electrónicas, observables en los espectros de RMN, UV-Vis y en los cálculos computacionales teóricos. Estos resultados mostraron como la presencia del heteroátomo modifica la naturaleza de las transiciones electrónicas, abriendo posibilidades para el diseño de materiales con respuestas ópticas ajustables.
Finalmente, se exploró la reactividad de 90 con el anión PCO─, con el objetivo de evaluar la viabilidad de introducir átomos de fósforo en esqueletos de silicio lineales. Aunque las condiciones estudiadas condujeron principalmente a procesos de hidrólisis y formación de geles, los experimentos permitieron identificar la presencia de compuestos fosforados y establecer parámetros críticos para futuras optimizaciones. Este estudio preliminar sienta las bases para rutas sintéticas que permitan expandir la química de ciclosilanos hacia sistemas con heteroátomos con potencial en aplicaciones optoelectrónicas.
En conjunto, esta Tesis aporta una visión integrada de cómo la estructura molecular gobierna las propiedades electrónicas en ciclosilanos y oxatetrasilaciclopentanos, y abre caminos para el diseño racional de nuevos materiales basados en silicio.
Silicon has long been a cornerstone in the development of materials for the electronicsindustry, both due to its abundance and the versatility of its optoelectronic properties. Inaddition to the crystalline silicon used industrially, there are families of molecularcompounds based on Si–Si bonds whose electronic behavior can be finely tuned throughsubtle structural modifications. This Thesis examines the synthetic routes of highlysubstituted cyclosilanes and oxatetrasilacyclopentanes, along with their structural andspectroscopic characterization, in order to understand how ring geometry, the nature andposition of substituents, or the presence of heteroatoms influence their optoelectronicproperties. The first section of the Thesis focused on the synthesis of cylohexasilane 48. The cisand trans isomers were successfully isolated, and their structural differences were identifiedthrough NMR, UV–Vis, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Comparing the isomers revealedhow small structural variations affect electronic transitions. The second section addressed the formation of the cis-89 and trans-89oxatetrasilacyclopentanes, obtained from the controlled hydrolysis of the electrophilicbistriflate 90. Incorporation of the O atom into the ring introduced new electronic dynamics,observable in the NMR and UV–Vis spectra as well as in theoretical computationalcalculations. These results showed how the presence of the heteroatom alters the nature ofthe electronic transitions, opening possibilities for designing materials with tunable opticalresponses. Finally, the reactivity of 90 with the PCO─anion was explored to evaluate thefeasibility of introducing phosphorus atoms into linear silicon frameworks. Although theconditions studied mainly led to hydrolysis processes and gel formation, the experimentsallowed the identification of phosphorus-containing compounds and the establishment ofcritical parameters for future optimization. This preliminary study lays the groundwork forsynthetic routes that could expand cyclosilane chemistry toward heteroatom-containingsystems with potential optoelectronic applications. Overall, this Thesis provides an integrated view of how molecular structure governselectronic properties in cyclosilanes and oxatetrasilacyclopentanes, and it opens pathwaysfor the rational design of new silicon-based materials.
Silicon has long been a cornerstone in the development of materials for the electronicsindustry, both due to its abundance and the versatility of its optoelectronic properties. Inaddition to the crystalline silicon used industrially, there are families of molecularcompounds based on Si–Si bonds whose electronic behavior can be finely tuned throughsubtle structural modifications. This Thesis examines the synthetic routes of highlysubstituted cyclosilanes and oxatetrasilacyclopentanes, along with their structural andspectroscopic characterization, in order to understand how ring geometry, the nature andposition of substituents, or the presence of heteroatoms influence their optoelectronicproperties. The first section of the Thesis focused on the synthesis of cylohexasilane 48. The cisand trans isomers were successfully isolated, and their structural differences were identifiedthrough NMR, UV–Vis, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Comparing the isomers revealedhow small structural variations affect electronic transitions. The second section addressed the formation of the cis-89 and trans-89oxatetrasilacyclopentanes, obtained from the controlled hydrolysis of the electrophilicbistriflate 90. Incorporation of the O atom into the ring introduced new electronic dynamics,observable in the NMR and UV–Vis spectra as well as in theoretical computationalcalculations. These results showed how the presence of the heteroatom alters the nature ofthe electronic transitions, opening possibilities for designing materials with tunable opticalresponses. Finally, the reactivity of 90 with the PCO─anion was explored to evaluate thefeasibility of introducing phosphorus atoms into linear silicon frameworks. Although theconditions studied mainly led to hydrolysis processes and gel formation, the experimentsallowed the identification of phosphorus-containing compounds and the establishment ofcritical parameters for future optimization. This preliminary study lays the groundwork forsynthetic routes that could expand cyclosilane chemistry toward heteroatom-containingsystems with potential optoelectronic applications. Overall, this Thesis provides an integrated view of how molecular structure governselectronic properties in cyclosilanes and oxatetrasilacyclopentanes, and it opens pathwaysfor the rational design of new silicon-based materials.
Description
Keywords
ciclosilanos, polisilanos, conjugación sigma, semiconductores