Challenges and Key Factors of Breastfeeding in Costa Rica Listening to Mothers’ Voices: A Phenomenological Analysis

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the current state of breastfeeding in Costa Rica by examining key indicators and identifying profiles of mothers at risk, to understand the factors influencing breastfeeding decisions and to propose evidence-based interventions in maternal and child health policies. Methodology: A qualitative study with an interpretative phenomenological approach was conducted. The lived experiences of 24 mothers from diverse regions across the country were explored and analyzed. Results: The findings reveal that, although both rural and urban mothers share a strong intention to breastfeed, they face different challenges. Perceptions of motherhood, insecurity regarding milk production, and employment-related obstacles significantly influence the time and exclusivity of breastfeeding. Urban mothers often encounter more pronounced work-related barriers, while rural mothers report limited access to professional support. Maternal education and the availability of postnatal support emerged as critical factors in sustaining breastfeeding practices. Conclusions: Strengthening postnatal support systems, enhancing maternal education, and developing strategies to reconcile breastfeeding with employment demands are essential. These measures could improve national breastfeeding indicators and help close socioeconomic gaps among mothers in different contexts.