Populism, Media, and Misinformation in Latin America
Fecha
2021
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artículo preliminar
Autores
Siles González, Ignacio
Tristán Jiménez, Larissa María
Carazo Barrantes, Carolina
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Resumen
Latin America has had a long, complex, and complicated relationship with populism.
Political figures in the region are usually considered some of the very founders or most iconic
representatives of populism (De la Torre, 2000), starting with classic forms of populism (Lázaro
Cárdenas in Mexico, Juan Domingo Perón in Argentina, and Getúlio Vargas in Brazil), followed
by so-called neo-populisms (Alberto Fujimori in Peru, Carlos Salinas de Gortari in Mexico,
Fernando Collor de Melo in Brazil, and Carlos Menem in Argentina), and more recent populist
figures of the 21st century, such as Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, Evo Morales in Bolivia, and
Rafael Correa in Ecuador. There is even an entire subfield of studies devoted specifically to
Latin American populism (Retamozo, 2017).
Historically, media systems have played a key role in shaping Latin American populism.
As Weyland (2001) argued about the region, “through television populist leaders reach[ed] their
followers directly and establish[ed] quasi-personal contact with millions of people
simultaneously. While radio played a similar role for classical populists, television [was] more
powerful in projecting charismatic leadership” (p. 16). This chapter discusses the particular
relationship between populism, media, and misinformation in Latin America. We envision
populism as a “media and communication phenomenon” (Waisbord, 2019) and thus examine the
role of social media platforms in shaping populism and issues of misinformation in the region.
Our analysis proceeds in four steps.
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Palabras clave
Populismo, América Latina, Desinformación