Removal of carbofuran is not affected by co-application of chlorpyrifos in a coconut fiber/compost based biomixture after aging or pre-exposure
Fecha
2016-08
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Chin Pampillo, Juan Salvador
Masís Mora, Mario Alberto
Ruiz Hidalgo, Karla María
Carazo Rojas, Elizabeth
Rodríguez Rodríguez, Carlos E.
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Resumen
Las biomezclas constituyen la parte biológicamente activa de los sistemas de biopurificación (BPS), que se utilizan para tratar las aguas residuales que contienen pesticidas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si la co-aplicación de clorpirifos (CLP) afecta la eliminación de carbofurano (CFN) (ambos insecticidas / nematicidas) en una mezcla de fibra de coco y suelo biológico (biomezcla FCS), después del envejecimiento o exposición previa a CFN. La eliminación de CFN y dos de sus productos de transformación (3-hidroxicarbofurano y 3-cetocarbofurano) se mejoró en las biomexias preexpuestas en comparación con las biomezclas envejecidas. La aplicación conjunta de CLP no afectó la eliminación de CFN, lo que sugiere que CLP no inhibe las poblaciones microbianas a cargo de la transformación de CFN. Al contrario del comportamiento de eliminación, la mineralización de 14 radiomarcadoLos pesticidas C mostraron tasas de mineralización más altas de CFN en biomezclos envejecidos (con respecto a las biomezclas recién preparadas o expuestas previamente). En el caso de CLP, se favoreció la mineralización en biomezclas recién preparadas, lo que podría atribuirse a una alta sorción durante el envejecimiento y a la inhibición microbiana por CFN en la preexposición. Independientemente de los resultados de remoción y mineralización, los ensayos toxicológicos revelaron una fuerte disminución en la toxicidad aguda de la matriz en el microcrustáceo Daphnia magna (más del 97%) después de 8 días de tratamiento de pesticidas individuales o la mezcla CFN / CLP. Los resultados sugieren que las biomezclas FCS son adecuadas para ser usadas en BPS para el tratamiento de aguas residuales en campos donde se emplean ambos pesticidas.
Biomixtures constitute the biologically active part of biopurification systems (BPS), which are used to treat pesticide-containing wastewater. The aim of this work was to determine whether co-application of chlorpyrifos (CLP) affects the removal of carbofuran (CFN) (both insecticide/nematicides) in a coconut fiber–compost–soil biomixture (FCS biomixture), after aging or previous exposure to CFN. Removal of CFN and two of its transformation products (3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran) was enhanced in pre-exposed biomixtures in comparison to aged biomixtures. The co-application of CLP did not affect CFN removal, which suggests that CLP does not inhibit microbial populations in charge of CFN transformation. Contrary to the removal behavior, mineralization of radiolabeled 14C-pesticides showed higher mineralization rates of CFN in aged biomixtures (with respect to freshly prepared or pre-exposed biomixtures). In the case of CLP, mineralization was favored in freshly prepared biomixtures, which could be ascribed to high sorption during aging and microbial inhibition by CFN in pre-exposure. Regardless of removal and mineralization results, toxicological assays revealed a steep decrease in the acute toxicity of the matrix on the microcrustacean Daphnia magna (over 97%) after 8 days of treatment of individual pesticides or the mixture CFN/CLP. Results suggest that FCS biomixtures are suitable to be used in BPS for the treatment of wastewater in fields where both pesticides are employed.
Biomixtures constitute the biologically active part of biopurification systems (BPS), which are used to treat pesticide-containing wastewater. The aim of this work was to determine whether co-application of chlorpyrifos (CLP) affects the removal of carbofuran (CFN) (both insecticide/nematicides) in a coconut fiber–compost–soil biomixture (FCS biomixture), after aging or previous exposure to CFN. Removal of CFN and two of its transformation products (3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran) was enhanced in pre-exposed biomixtures in comparison to aged biomixtures. The co-application of CLP did not affect CFN removal, which suggests that CLP does not inhibit microbial populations in charge of CFN transformation. Contrary to the removal behavior, mineralization of radiolabeled 14C-pesticides showed higher mineralization rates of CFN in aged biomixtures (with respect to freshly prepared or pre-exposed biomixtures). In the case of CLP, mineralization was favored in freshly prepared biomixtures, which could be ascribed to high sorption during aging and microbial inhibition by CFN in pre-exposure. Regardless of removal and mineralization results, toxicological assays revealed a steep decrease in the acute toxicity of the matrix on the microcrustacean Daphnia magna (over 97%) after 8 days of treatment of individual pesticides or the mixture CFN/CLP. Results suggest that FCS biomixtures are suitable to be used in BPS for the treatment of wastewater in fields where both pesticides are employed.
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Palabras clave
Biomextura, Pesticida, Mineralización, Toxicidad, Sistema de biopurificación, Biomixture, Pesticide, Mineralization, Toxicity, Biopurification system