Monitoreo del estado nutricional de vacas de doble propósito en producción por medio de perfiles metabólicos
Fecha
2024
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Aguilera Saldaña, Bryan Alberto
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Resumen
El presente trabajo final de graduación se compone por tres capítulos en los cuales se investigó el monitoreo del estado nutricional de vacas doble propósito en producción por medio de perfiles metabólicos. El primer capítulo constituye una revisión de literatura sobre la caracterización de los sistemas de producción de ganadería bovina de doble propósito en Costa Rica, donde se revisan 31 publicaciones principalmente menor a diez años de antigüedad para definir la información científica publicada en términos conceptuales de la ganadería de doble propósito en Costa Rica y la región de América Latina, donde se amplía lo referente a este sistema en registro de datos, tecnificación, genética, reproducción y crianza, relación ambienta y nutrición. El segundo capítulo aborda el trabajo de campo realizado en cuatro fincas comerciales de ganadería doble propósito en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica, su principal objetivo es definir el perfil metabólico compuesto por diez metabolitos (glucosa, cetonas, nitrógeno ureico, creatinina, calcio, fósforo, magnesio, fosfatasa alcalina, aspartato amino transferasa y gamma glutamil transferasa en suero sanguíneo) de 26 animales en producción durante un intervalo de tiempo comprendido entre los 2 y 146 días posteriores al parto (lactancia), realizando tres muestreos consecutivos durante ese periodo. Se logra definir la concentración en suero sanguíneo de los diez metabolitos propuestos, generando una interpretación y análisis basado en referencias desarrolladas para ganado lechero, lo que permite identificar casos de niveles anómalos, considerados como indicadores de afectación en la salud animal, estudiados de forma general, e individual por cada finca, y según dos grupos genéticos predominantes (cebú y cruzamiento con ganado de origen europeo). El tercer capítulo aborda la información obtenida del perfil metabólico, con el consumo y bromatología (calidad nutricional) de los forrajes y alimentos presentes en las fincas, para generar una relación entre los aspectos nutricionales observados y los resultados en suero sanguíneo de los metabolitos, basado en la información científica sobre estas relaciones para ganado lechero, empleando un análisis de componentes principales para determinar la relación entre variables.
This final graduation work is made up of three chapters in which the monitoring of the nutritional status of dual-purpose cows in production was investigated through metabolic profiles. The first chapter constitutes a literature review on the characterization of dual-purpose cattle production systems in Costa Rica, where 31 publications are reviewed, mainly less than ten years old, to define the scientific information published in conceptual terms of livestock farming. . dual purpose in Costa Rica and the Latin American region, where this system is expanded in data registration, technology, genetics, reproduction and breeding, environment and nutrition relationship. The second chapter addresses the field work carried out on four dual-purpose commercial livestock farms in the Huetar Norte region of Costa Rica. Its main objective is to define the metabolic profile composed of ten metabolites (glucose, ketones, urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium , phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase and gamma glutamyl transferase in blood serum) of 26 animals in production during a time interval between 2 and 146 days after parturition (lactation), carrying out three consecutive samplings during that period . It is possible to define the concentration in blood serum of the ten proposed metabolites, generating an interpretation and analysis based on references developed for dairy cattle, which allows identifying cases of abnormal levels, considered as indicators of impact on animal health, studied in a general way. . , and individual for each farm, and according to two predominant genetic groups (zebu and crossing with cattle of European origin). The third chapter addresses the information obtained from the metabolic profile, with the consumption and bromatology (nutritional quality) of the forages and foods present on the farms, to generate a relationship between the nutritional aspects observed and the results in blood serum of the metabolites, based in scientific information about these relationships for dairy cattle, using a principal components analysis to determine the relationship between variables.
This final graduation work is made up of three chapters in which the monitoring of the nutritional status of dual-purpose cows in production was investigated through metabolic profiles. The first chapter constitutes a literature review on the characterization of dual-purpose cattle production systems in Costa Rica, where 31 publications are reviewed, mainly less than ten years old, to define the scientific information published in conceptual terms of livestock farming. . dual purpose in Costa Rica and the Latin American region, where this system is expanded in data registration, technology, genetics, reproduction and breeding, environment and nutrition relationship. The second chapter addresses the field work carried out on four dual-purpose commercial livestock farms in the Huetar Norte region of Costa Rica. Its main objective is to define the metabolic profile composed of ten metabolites (glucose, ketones, urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium , phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase and gamma glutamyl transferase in blood serum) of 26 animals in production during a time interval between 2 and 146 days after parturition (lactation), carrying out three consecutive samplings during that period . It is possible to define the concentration in blood serum of the ten proposed metabolites, generating an interpretation and analysis based on references developed for dairy cattle, which allows identifying cases of abnormal levels, considered as indicators of impact on animal health, studied in a general way. . , and individual for each farm, and according to two predominant genetic groups (zebu and crossing with cattle of European origin). The third chapter addresses the information obtained from the metabolic profile, with the consumption and bromatology (nutritional quality) of the forages and foods present on the farms, to generate a relationship between the nutritional aspects observed and the results in blood serum of the metabolites, based in scientific information about these relationships for dairy cattle, using a principal components analysis to determine the relationship between variables.
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COSTA RICA, NUTRICIÓN, ANIMAL, GANADO, METABOLISMO, SISTEMA DIGESTIVO, PRODUCCIÓN