Uso de una ración parcial mezclada en el desarrollo de reemplazos de lechería bajo pastoreo en la Estación Experimental Alfredo Volio Mata
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Arita Portillo, Carlos Rafael
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Abstract
La cría de reemplazos en una explotación ganadera es parte fundamental para el crecimiento del hato y para la sustitución de vacas que finalizan su etapa productiva y, en el mejoramiento de los niveles productivos. En muchas explotaciones ganaderas, la cría de reemplazos por ser una actividad que no genera ingresos sino hasta que la novilla inicia lactancia, no se le da la importancia que amerita, lo que ocasiona bajas tasas de crecimiento, mayor edad para alcanzar la pubertad y el parto, reduciendo la vida útil de estas.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso de una ración parcial mezclada en el desarrollo de reemplazos de lechería bajo pastoreo sobre los parámetros de crecimiento y desarrollo. Treinta y dos novillas de la raza Jersey fueron alimentadas con una ración que contenía alimento balanceado tipo desarrollo, pasto Estrella Africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis), melaza y suplementos minerales, esta fue ofrecida como ración parcial mezclada (RPM) o los mismos componentes por separado (CON), desde el destete (tres meses) hasta los 15 meses. El tratamiento no afectó el peso vivo de las novillas durante el periodo de estudio (p>0,05), a excepción del periodo de los 7 a 11 meses donde se observó un mayor peso vivo en el grupo RPM que CON (204,00 vs 178,45 kg respectivamente, p<0,05), la ganancia diaria de peso no difirió entre los tratamientos (p>0,05), la altura de cruz fue similar para ambos tratamientos durante los primeros meses posterior al destete (p>0,05), siendo mayor para el grupo RPM que el grupo CON durante los periodos de los 7 a 11 meses y 11 a 15 meses (110,09 vs 106,86 y 118,45 vs 115,20 cm respectivamente, p<0,05), la altura de cadera no difirió durante el primer mes posterior al destete (p>0,05), sin embargo, para el resto del estudio fue mayor para el grupo RPM que para el CON, la circunferencia torácica no varió entre los tratamientos (p>0,05) para la mayor parte del periodo de estudio a excepción del periodo comprendido de los 7 a 11 meses que fue mayor para el grupo RPM que CON (135,02 vs 131,48 cm, p<0,05).
El consumo de materia seca y la fibra detergente neutra (FDN) fueron mayores para que la ingesta de proteína fue similar para ambos tratamientos (p>0,05), el consumo de extracto etéreo fue mayor para el grupo CON que el RPM (P<0,05) energía neta de mantenimiento y energía neta de ganancia fue mayor para el grupo CON (p<0,05).
Breeding replacement heifers in a livestock farm is a fundamental part for the growth of the herd as well as the renewal of cows that end their productive life and improving productive levels. In many livestock farms, raising replacements is an activity that does not generate income until the heifer starts lactation, and therefore it is not given the importance that it deserves, which causes low growth rates, older age to reach puberty and calving, reducing the useful life of these animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a partial mixed ration (PMR) in the development of dairy replacements under grazing on growth and development parameters. Thirty-two Jersey breed heifers were fed with ration containing balanced development feed, African Stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis), sugarcane molasses, and mineral supplements. The ration was offered as a partial mixed ration or with each component separately (CON), from weaning (three months) until 15 months. The treatment did not affect the live weight of the heifers during the study period (p>0.05), except for the period from 7 to 11 months where a higher live weight was observed in the RPM group than CON (204.00 vs 178.45 kg respectively, p<0.05). Daily weight gain did not differ between treatments (p>0.05), withers height was similar for both treatments during the first months after weaning (p >0.05), being greater for the RPM group than the CON group during the periods from 7 to 11 months and 11 to 15 months (110.09 vs 106.86 and 118.45 vs 115.20 cm respectively, p <0.05). Hip height did not differ during the first month after weaning (p>0.05), however, for the rest of the study it was higher for the RPM group than for the CON, chest circumference did not differ. varied between treatments (p>0.05) for most of the study period except for the period from 7 to 11 months, which was greater for the RPM than CON group (135.02 vs 131.48 cm, p <0.05). The consumption of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were higher so that the protein intake was similar for both treatments (p>0.05), the consumption of ethereal extract was higher for the CON group than the RPM (P <0.05) net maintenance energy and net gain energy were higher for the CON group (p<0.05).
Breeding replacement heifers in a livestock farm is a fundamental part for the growth of the herd as well as the renewal of cows that end their productive life and improving productive levels. In many livestock farms, raising replacements is an activity that does not generate income until the heifer starts lactation, and therefore it is not given the importance that it deserves, which causes low growth rates, older age to reach puberty and calving, reducing the useful life of these animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a partial mixed ration (PMR) in the development of dairy replacements under grazing on growth and development parameters. Thirty-two Jersey breed heifers were fed with ration containing balanced development feed, African Stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis), sugarcane molasses, and mineral supplements. The ration was offered as a partial mixed ration or with each component separately (CON), from weaning (three months) until 15 months. The treatment did not affect the live weight of the heifers during the study period (p>0.05), except for the period from 7 to 11 months where a higher live weight was observed in the RPM group than CON (204.00 vs 178.45 kg respectively, p<0.05). Daily weight gain did not differ between treatments (p>0.05), withers height was similar for both treatments during the first months after weaning (p >0.05), being greater for the RPM group than the CON group during the periods from 7 to 11 months and 11 to 15 months (110.09 vs 106.86 and 118.45 vs 115.20 cm respectively, p <0.05). Hip height did not differ during the first month after weaning (p>0.05), however, for the rest of the study it was higher for the RPM group than for the CON, chest circumference did not differ. varied between treatments (p>0.05) for most of the study period except for the period from 7 to 11 months, which was greater for the RPM than CON group (135.02 vs 131.48 cm, p <0.05). The consumption of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were higher so that the protein intake was similar for both treatments (p>0.05), the consumption of ethereal extract was higher for the CON group than the RPM (P <0.05) net maintenance energy and net gain energy were higher for the CON group (p<0.05).
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Keywords
LECHE, TIERRA DE PASTOREO, GANADO VACUNO, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL