Incumplimiento en el contenido nutricional de alimentos importados para mascotas en Costa Rica
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Cedeño López, André
WingChing Jones, Rodolfo
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Abstract
La normativa que regula los alimentos balanceados asegura el bienestar de las mascotas, la salud
pública y la seguridad al consumidor, por lo que es valioso corroborar el contenido de los nutrimentos declarados
en las etiquetas. Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento del análisis de garantía de 34 alimentos importados para
perros, gatos, hámsters, conejos, peces ornamentales y tortugas, y comparar los resultados con las recomendaciones
nutricionales encontradas en la literatura. Materiales y métodos. Durante los meses de agosto y diciembre del año
2018, se obtuvieron muestras de alimento de perros (10), gatos (10), peces ornamentales (5), tortugas (4), hámster
(3) y conejos (2); mediante compra directa en diferentes puntos de venta en San José, Costa Rica. Se analizó el
contenido de humedad, proteína cruda (PC), extracto etéreo (EE), fibra cruda (FC), calcio, fósforo, sal y carbohidratos.
Se calculó el contenido promedio, la desviación estándar, el valor máximo y mínimo de cada nutrimento en cada
grupo de alimento, según la especie animal. Los valores individuales y promedios obtenidos se compararon con los
valores declarados en la etiqueta y las recomendaciones nutricionales encontradas en la literatura. Resultados. Los
nutrimentos que presentaron incumplimientos fueron: sal (27), calcio (16) y energía (14). Además, se encontró que
alimentos no declaraban el contenido de sal (14), calcio (9) y fósforo (7). Con respecto a los requerimientos mínimos
nutricionales, veintidós alimentos presentaron deficiencias o excesos en al menos un nutrimento [carbohidratos
(11) y extracto etéreo (7)]. Conclusiones. Los alimentos balanceados importados para perros, gatos, conejos,
hámster, tortugas y peces ornamentales presentaron incumplimientos en los contenidos de PC, EE, FC, EM, Ca, P
y sal garantizados en la etiqueta. La composición nutricional de los alimentos evaluados limita el cumplimiento de
requerimientos nutricionales de los animales, excepto para conejos que sí se cumple con los requerimientos.
The regulations that govern balanced pet food ensure the welfare of pets, public health, and consumer safety, making it valuable to verify the nutritional content declared on labels. Objective. To determine the compliance of the guaranteed analysis of 34 imported foods for dogs, cats, hamsters, rabbits, ornamental fish, and turtles and compare the results with the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Materials and methods. During the months of August and December of 2018, food samples of dog (10), cat (10), ornamental fish (5), turtles (4), hamster (3), and rabbits (2) food were obtained by direct purchase at different points of sale in San José, Costa Rica. The content of moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium, phosphorus, salt, and carbohydrates were analyzed. The average content, standard deviation, maximum and minimum value of each nutrient in each group of food were calculated according to the animal species. The individual and average values obtained were compared with the values declared on the label and the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Results. The nutrients that presented non-compliances were: salt (27), calcium (16), and energy (14). Additionally, it was found that some foods did not declare the content of salt (14), calcium (9), and phosphorus (7). With respect to the minimum nutritional requirements, twenty-two samples presented deficiencies or excesses in at least one nutriment [carbohydrates (11) and ether extract (7)]. Conclusions. Imported balanced foods for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish presented non-compliances in the guaranteed content of CP, EE, CF, ME, Ca, P, and salt declared on the label. The nutritional composition of the evaluated foods limits compliance with the nutritional requirements of the animals, except for rabbits that do comply with the requirements.
The regulations that govern balanced pet food ensure the welfare of pets, public health, and consumer safety, making it valuable to verify the nutritional content declared on labels. Objective. To determine the compliance of the guaranteed analysis of 34 imported foods for dogs, cats, hamsters, rabbits, ornamental fish, and turtles and compare the results with the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Materials and methods. During the months of August and December of 2018, food samples of dog (10), cat (10), ornamental fish (5), turtles (4), hamster (3), and rabbits (2) food were obtained by direct purchase at different points of sale in San José, Costa Rica. The content of moisture, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium, phosphorus, salt, and carbohydrates were analyzed. The average content, standard deviation, maximum and minimum value of each nutrient in each group of food were calculated according to the animal species. The individual and average values obtained were compared with the values declared on the label and the nutritional recommendations found in the literature. Results. The nutrients that presented non-compliances were: salt (27), calcium (16), and energy (14). Additionally, it was found that some foods did not declare the content of salt (14), calcium (9), and phosphorus (7). With respect to the minimum nutritional requirements, twenty-two samples presented deficiencies or excesses in at least one nutriment [carbohydrates (11) and ether extract (7)]. Conclusions. Imported balanced foods for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish presented non-compliances in the guaranteed content of CP, EE, CF, ME, Ca, P, and salt declared on the label. The nutritional composition of the evaluated foods limits compliance with the nutritional requirements of the animals, except for rabbits that do comply with the requirements.
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Keywords
Animales de compañía, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, Proteína cruda, Garantía de calidad, Perros
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https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/52544
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