Impacto de la variabilidad climática sobre la recarga a los acuíferos en la cuenca del Río Poás, Valle Central, Costa Rica
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Vargas Sanabria, Asdrúbal
Aguilar Alvarez, Ana Teresita
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Universidad de Costa Rica
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Se analiza el impacto de la variabilidad climática sobre la distribución del recurso hídrico en lacuenca del río Poás y se llevaron a cabo balances hídricos mensuales en el período comprendido entre 1976 a2001. Se identifican subperíodos húmedos y un subperíodo seco, de alrededor de 7 años de duración cada uno. Durante el período seco la recarga anual alcanza valores de 1000 mm.En el año 1986 se registró la menor precipitación en la cuenca alcanzando 2019 mm, lo que significó un 22 %menos que el promedio. La mayor precipitación se registró en el año de 1996 con 3646 mm, es decir un 40 %mayor que el promedio. Para el año 1986 se obtuvo una recarga potencial de 850 mm, un 36 % menor que elpromedio y para 1996 se obtuvo una recarga de 2205 mm es decir un 65 % mayor que el promedio. Además, laescorrentía fue en 1986 un 32 % menor y en 1996 un 30 % mayor que el promedio respectivamente. El porcentaje de la precipitación que se considera como recarga potencial media anual varía de 24% hasta 48% y granparte de ella ocurre en los meses de setiembre y octubre.Existen evidencias estratigráficas y paleontológicas que demuestran en el pasado cambios climáticos que hanalterado las condiciones de precipitación y temperatura y consecuentemente de la distribución del agua sin lainfluencia directa del ser humano.
We analyzed the impact of climate variation over the distribution of the hydric resources in ríoPoás watershed. Monthly hydric balances were carried out through the period 1976-2001. It is possible to identify humid subperiods and a dry one, lasting each of them about 7 years. During the dry subperiod, annualrecharge reaches 1000 mm.In 1986 it was recorded 2019 mm rainfall, the lowest in the watershed, which is 22% less than the average;potential recharge was 36% lower (850 mm), and runoff, 32% lower. The highest rainfall was recorded in 1996,with 3646 mm, 40% higher than the average, potential recharge was 65% higher (2205 mm), and runoff, 30%higher than the average ones. It is considered that between 24 and 48% of precipitation becomes potentialrecharge and most of it occurs during September and October.There are stratigraphic and paleontological evidences that demonstrate climatic changes in the past. Thosechanges altered precipitation and temperature conditions, and therefore the distribution of water resources, with-out any anthrropic influence.
We analyzed the impact of climate variation over the distribution of the hydric resources in ríoPoás watershed. Monthly hydric balances were carried out through the period 1976-2001. It is possible to identify humid subperiods and a dry one, lasting each of them about 7 years. During the dry subperiod, annualrecharge reaches 1000 mm.In 1986 it was recorded 2019 mm rainfall, the lowest in the watershed, which is 22% less than the average;potential recharge was 36% lower (850 mm), and runoff, 32% lower. The highest rainfall was recorded in 1996,with 3646 mm, 40% higher than the average, potential recharge was 65% higher (2205 mm), and runoff, 30%higher than the average ones. It is considered that between 24 and 48% of precipitation becomes potentialrecharge and most of it occurs during September and October.There are stratigraphic and paleontological evidences that demonstrate climatic changes in the past. Thosechanges altered precipitation and temperature conditions, and therefore the distribution of water resources, with-out any anthrropic influence.