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A Clostridium difficile Lineage Endemic to Costa Rican Hospitals Is Multidrug Resistant by Acquisition of Chromosomal Mutations and Novel Mobile Genetic Elements
(2017-01)
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates and levels recorded for Clostridium difficile are on the rise. This study reports the nature, levels, diversity, and genomic context of the antimicrobial resistance of human C. ...
Emergence of an Outbreak-Associated Clostridium difficile Variant with Increased Virulence
(2015-04)
The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections has increased due to the emergence of epidemic variants from diverse genetic lineages. Here we describe the emergence of a novel variant during an outbreak in a Costa Rican ...
Predominance and high antibiotic resistance of the emerging Clostridium difficile genotypes NAPCR1 and NAP9 in a Costa Rican hospital over a 2-year period without outbreaks
(2016-05)
Clostridium difficile is the major causative agent of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In a 2009 outbreak of C. difficileassociated diarrhea that was recorded in a major Costa Rican hospital, the hypervirulent ...
Isolation of a Toxigenic and Clinical Genotype of Clostridium difficile in Retail Meats in Costa Rica
(2013-02)
We isolated a regional toxigenic genotype of Clostridium difficile, previously found in human infection in 4 of 200 (2%) samples of retail meats for human consumption: 1 of 67 samples of beef, 2 of 66 of pork, and 1 of 67 ...
Emergence of Clostridium difficile NAP1 in Latin America
(2010-02)
The NAP1 and NAP2 strains of Clostridium difficile have been linked to nosocomial outbreaks of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis in North American and European countries (4, 5). We found ...
Molecular detection of Clostridium difficile on inert surfaces from a Costa Rican hospital during and after an outbreak
(2016-12-01)
Background: Hospital transmission of Clostridium difficile is fostered by contamination of surfaces and
medical equipment with spores highly resistant to disinfectants and regular cleaning procedures. Despite
the outbreaks ...
Phenotypic identification of over 1000 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered between 1999 and 2008 in a major Costa Rican hospital
(2011-07)
Because of limitations in infrastructure, the aetiology of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria is seldom determined in clinical laboratories of developing countries. This study reports on the identification of 1010 ...