Phytotaxa 423 (4): 259–265 https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Accepted by Adam Karremans: 25 Oct. 2019; published: 11 Nov. 2019 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.4 259 A new species of Phragmipedium (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) from Peru AlexANder dAMIAN PArIzACA1,2,6 , MelISSA díAz-MorAleS3 & FrANCo PuPulIN3,4,5 1 Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru 2 Posgrado en Botánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. 3 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica 4 Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, USA 5 The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL, USA 6 Author for correspondence: ldamian@ucientifica.edu.pe Abstract A new species of Phragmipedium section Lorifolia, P. cabrejosii, is described and illustrated from Peru, and its affinities are discussed. It is mainly compared with P. caricinum, from which it is distinguished by the simple inflorescence, the elliptic dorsal sepal, that is apically white, the shorter, apically twisted pale yellow petals tinged with rose, and the ovate-subrhombic staminodial shield (vs. reniform). Keywords: Junin selva central, Peru, Phragmipedium sect. lorifolia The horticultural interest for the species of the genus Phragmipedium rolfe (1896: 330) (orchidaceae) spread out during the époque of the “orchid fever” in the second half of xIx century, when the tropical taxa belonging to the subfamily Cypripedoideae lindl. in endlicher (1837: 220) were mostly treated as members of Cypripedium linnaeus (1753: 951) and Selenipedium reichenbach (1854: 116). Before 1900, 14 out of the 21 species of Phragmipedium currently recognized (Cribb & Purver 2017), and nine natural hybrids (mostly man made) were first described for science. As professional collectors were flooding the horticultural market with novelties coming from the tropical regions of America, both taxonomists and horticulturists were engaged in the naming of new species and varieties (I.e., delchevalerie 1867, reichenbach 1874, 1886, linden 1874, 1888, Carrière 1884, Veitch 1890, among others) the origin of which was mostly hidden or distorted for commercial purposes. With the renewal of a worldwide appreciation for Phragmipedium species by orchid enthusiasts during the last two decades, the scenario has not changed. Since the year 2000, ten species and three nothospecies of Phragmipedium have been proposed as new to science, but a type locality has only been clearly stated for four of them (Campacci & Takase 2000, Braem et al. 2014, 2016, Szlachetko & Kolanowska 2017), the remaining taxa being ostensibly based on cultivated material. The new species proposed here from Peru is no exception to this rule. Peru is home to eight species and one nothospecies of Phragmipedium (Schweinfurth 1958, Brako & zarucchi 1993, ulloa ulloa et al. 2004, Villafuerte & Christenson 2007, Coz et al. 2007), including P. caudatum (lindley 1840: 531) rolfe (1896: 332), the first species of the genus to be discovered and illustrated by european botanists (Pupulin 2012), and P. kovachii Atwood, dalström, & Fernández (2002: 1), probably the most controversial orchid species of all times in terms of legal procedures applied to botany (Pittman 2012). The other species recorded for the country are P. besseae dodson & Kuhn (1981: 1308), P. boissierianum (reichenbach 1854: 116) rolfe (1896: 332), P. caricinum (lindley & Paxton 1850: 39) rolfe (1896: 332), P. lindenii (lindley 1846: 28) dressler & Williams (1975: 691), P. longifolium (Warsz. & rchb.f. in reichenbach 1852: 690) rolfe (1896: 332), P. pearcei (reichenbach 1865: 298) rauh & Senghas (1975: 62), and P. × richteri roeth & Gruss (1994: back cover). Species belonging to three out of the four sections of Phragmipedium sensu Cribb & Purver (2017) are known from Peru, the only section missing from the Peruvian flora being Phragmipedium sect. Platypetalum (Pfitzer in engler 1903: 43) Garay (1979: 133), restricted to the extra-Andean regions ranging from Venezuela and the Guyanas to Brazil and lowland Bolivia (Cribb & Purver 2017). The species proposed here is based on a single specimen grown in the living collections of Centro de Jardineria Manrique, where it was deposited by officers of the Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (National Forestry dAMIAN PArIzACA eT AL.260 • Phytotaxa 423 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press and Wildlife Service of Peru, or SerFor by its Spanish acronym) after an intervention resulted in the confiscation of a number of illegally harvested orchid plants. The original habitat of the plant has been tracked to the Peruvian department of Junin, without any additional information. The floral features of this specimen are nonetheless so distinct from those of other species in the genus Phragmipedium that we consider the species deserves taxonomic recognition with the following name: Phragmipedium cabrejosii damian, M.díaz & Pupulin, sp. nov. Type: —Peru. Junin: probably along the Perene river, exact locality unknown. Flowered in cultivation at Centro de Jardineria Manrique, June, 2019, A. Damian, A. Manrique & J. Cabrejos 0510 (holotype: uFV). Figs. 1–3. Species Phragmipedio sectioni Lorifolia pertinens, pro sectione perparvo, primo visu P. caricino (Lindl. & Paxton) Rolfe similis, sed inflorescentia simplici, sepalo dorsale elliptico apicaliter albo veniente, petalis longitudinis minoris ad apicem non tortis pallide luteis apicaliter rosaceis, labio lobuli antici labelli minuto, lobulis lateralibus involutis albis, disco staminodii ovato-subrhombico columnae distincte longiore plerumque recedit. [diagnosis]. Species belonging to Phragmipedium sect. Lorifolia, with very small habit for the section, superficially similar to P. caricinum (lindl. & Paxton) rolfe, but with the inflorescence simple (vs. branched), the dorsal sepal elliptic (vs. lanceolate), flushed white apically (vs. yellow, flushed maroon), the petals comparatively shorter, not twisted apically (vs. twisted), pale yellow slightly tinged with rose (vs. purple, striped with dark purple), the rim of the anterior margin of the lip reduced (vs. prominent), the lateral, infolded lobes white (vs. yellow, heavily blotched with red), the staminodial shield ovate-subrhombic (vs. reniform), distinctly longer than the column (vs. shorter). A cespitose, small, presumably terrestrial or lithophytic, compact herb, up to 20 cm tall. Roots fibrous, brown, 0.3 cm in diameter. Leaves sedge-like, linear, arcuate, acute, smooth, 6–18 × 0.3–0.8 cm, strongly keeled, glabrous, pale green, lighter green below, the margins slightly revolute. Inflorescence a successively-flowered, simple, erect raceme, 7.0–7.5 cm tall, provided with sheating, ovate bracts, ca. 2.8–3 cm; peduncle purple brown, sparsely puberulent. Floral bracts shorter than the ovary, conduplicate, ovate, acute, 2.5–5.0 × 1.2–1.8 cm, greenish yellow, 9-veined; 2 lower, sterile bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 2.6–5.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, congested, green with reddish brown veins, 9-veined, the margins thin. Ovary and pedicel 3.5–4.5 cm long, brown-green, sparsely white-puberulent. Flowers yellow-green suffused with brownish orange, the veins reddish brown, the outer surface mostly glabrous, the inner surface mostly puberulent to tomentose; margins white. Dorsal sepal elliptic, obtuse, concave, minutely hooded at apex, 2.6–2.8 × 1.2–1.3 cm, mostly white, suffused with green on the base and along the veins, with ca. 14 green veins, the margins to 0.6 mm wide, slightly undulate. Synsepal ovate, obtuse, deeply concave, minutely hooded at apex, 2.4–2.5 × 1.6–1.7 cm, shorter than the lip, ca. 21-nerved, pale green with the margins white. Petals pale yellow abaxially, greenish yellow, rose to dark-red along the veins, the margins white, oblique, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 3.5–3.7 × 0.5–0.6 cm, inner surface shortly pubescent-papillose, hirsute at the base, the hairs purple, the apex densely papillose, the hairs purple, glandular, the margins white, slightly undulate, sparsely pubescent, the hairs purple. Lip saccate, 2.8–3.2 × 1.4–1.6 cm, brownish yellow in the outer surface, white with green spots in the folds inside the rim, greenish yellow with brown-red spots in the inner surface, the inner surface pilose, the main opening widely ovate; lip rim entire, reduced, glabrous, edged outside with a thin, dark red, dotted line. Column 8–10 mm long, green with dense, yellow hairs on the filaments of the fertile anthers; staminode ovate-subrhombic, swollen in the middle, acute, 7.0–7.2 × 4.9–5.0 mm, light yellow to green, dorsally glabrous, ventrally slightly pubescent at the base; stigma fleshy, obovoid, ca. 3.5 mm wide, densely papillose; pollen masses granulose, yellowish white. Fruit not seen. eponymy:—Named after Juan Martin Cabrejos Meza, a recognized grower of Peruvian Phragmipedium who first noticed that the species herein described could represent an undescribed taxon. distribution:—At this time, P. cabrejosii is only known from a specimen confiscated in central Peru, without any additional information about its origin. The department of Junin, where the plant was probably collected, belongs to the natural region of the selva central (central forest), which varies in elevation between 600 and 2300 meters above sea level. The region has a moderate dry season in the months of May-August, and a definite rainy season that concentrates precipitation in the months of december through March. According to Alfredo Manrique (pers. comm. 2019), who had the plant in cultivation under his care, because of the ease with which the plant grows in lima, it is presumable it comes from the low foothills of the eastern Andes range, at elevations lower than 800–1000 meters. Phenology:—Cultivated in lima, P. cabrejosii flowers from June–August. Phragmipedium cabrejosii belongs to Phragmipedium sect. Lorifolia (Kraenzlin 1901: 13) Garay (1979: 141), characterized by the flower scape partially covered with sweating bracts, the flowers opening successively, and the petals not more than three times longer than the sepals, which are fully developed at anthesis (Cribb & Purver 2017). A NeW SPeCIeS oF PHRAGMIPeDIUM Phytotaxa 423 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 261 The species has the smallest habit in the section, where it can be described as a dwarf plant. even though the floral size of P. cabrejosii is roughly comparable to that of other species of sect. Lorifolia, it has mature leaves up to 18 cm long, while they can reach a length of 55 cm in P. caricinum, 35–40 cm in P. pearcei, 80 cm in P. longifolium, and 55-80 cm in P. vittatum (Vell. 1831) rolfe (1896) (measurements according to Gruss 2014 and Purver & Cribb 2017). FIGURE 1. Phragmipedium cabrejosii. A: habit. B: flower. C: sepals and petals. d: lip, lateral and frontal views. e: column and lip, lateral view. F: longitudinal section of the lip, inner view. G: column, lateral view. drawing by Sara Poltronieri from the holotype. Single bar = mm; double bar = cm; Triple bar = dm. dAMIAN PArIzACA eT AL.262 • Phytotaxa 423 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press FIGURE 2. Phragmipedium cabrejosii. lankester Composite digital Plate (lCdP) prepared from the holotype. Single bar = mm; double bar = cm; Triple bar = dm. Among the species of sect. Lorifolia, P. cabrejosii mostly resembles P. caricinum from southern Peru and Bolivia, but it has a simple inflorescence (vs. branched), an elliptic dorsal sepal (vs. lanceolate) that is apically white (vs. flushed maroon), shorter, pale yellow petals tinged with rose at the non-twisted apex (vs. purple, striped with dark A NeW SPeCIeS oF PHRAGMIPeDIUM Phytotaxa 423 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 263 purple, twisted), a reduced rim of the anterior margin of the lip (vs. prominent), white lateral lobes of the lip (vs. yellow, heavily blotched with red), and the ovate-subrhombic staminode (vs. reniform). FIGURE 3. Phragmipedium cabrejosii, the flower. Frontal, ¾, and lateral views. It may also be compared with P. pearcei, from which it is easily distinguish by the cespitose habit (shortly stoloniferous in P. pearcei), the unbranched, sparsely pubescent inflorescence (vs. branched, densely hairy), the flower color, the densely pubescent apex of the petals (vs. sparsely pubescent), the glabrous rim of the lip (vs. minutely pubescent) and the shape of the staminode (ovate-subrhombic vs. broadly cordate). It is important to note that in dNA analyses carried out by Cox et al. (1997), damián loaiza et al. (2005) and rodríguez Salas et al. (2007), based in nuclear ribosomal ITS nucleotide and Amplified Fragment length Polymorphism data, P. caricinum does not cluster on the same clade with the other species of section Lorifolia [+Himantopetalum (Hallier 1897: 44) Garay (1979: 140)]. A genetic analysis of the new species based on the same dNA regions could easily confirm the phylogenetic affinity we are suggesting on a morphological ground. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Alfredo Manrique, of Centro de Jardineria Manrique in lima, Peru, for providing free access to the rare plant under his care, which was used for the present study and to prepare the holotype specimen, as well as first hand information about the ecological requirement of the species. To SerFor, especially to rosario Bravo who provided some details about the origin of the plant, as well as facilitated the study of the material available in Manrique´s nursery. This paper was written as part of an ongoing commitment by MdM and FP towards a systematic, ecological, and evolutional study of tropical American slipper orchids. References Atwood, J.T., dalström, S. & Fernández, r. (2002) Phragmipedium kovachii, a new species from Peru. Selbyana Supplement 23: 1–4. Braem, G.J., Tesón, G. & Faust, J.P. (2016) Phragmipedium anchicayense a new slipper orchid from Colombia. The Australian Orchid Review 10: 9–13. dAMIAN PArIzACA eT AL.264 • Phytotaxa 423 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press Braem, G.J., Tesón, G. & Manzur Macías, d. (2014) Phragmipedium anguloi, a new species of Colombia belonging to Phragmipedium subgenus Micropetalum (orchidaceae). Richardiana 14: 289–294. Brako, l. & zarucchi, J.l. (1993) Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. louis Missouri, 1286 pp. Campacci, M.A. & Takas, r. (2000) Phragmipedium chapadense Campacci & Takase. Journal of the Hokkaido Orchid Society 28 Supplement 1: 1–3. Carriére, e.A. (1884) Selenipedium caudatum giganteum. Revue horticole 1884: 367. Cox, A.V., Pridgeon, A.M., Albert, V.A. & Chase, M.W. (1997) Phylogeny of the slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae, orchidaceae): nuclear rdna ITS sequences. Plant Systematics and evolution 208: 197–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00985442 Coz, A., Bravo, r., Morales, M. & Tonder, l. (2007) Phragmipedium lindenii, un Nuevo registro para el departamento de San Marin-Peru. Arnaldoa 14 (1): 147–148. Cribb, P. & Purver, C. (2017) Slipper orchids of the Tropical Americas. Natural History Publications (Borneo) and The orchid digest Corporation, Malaysia and uSA, 281 pp. damián loaiza, M., Williams, N.H. & Whitten, W.M. (2005) Phragmipedium kovachii, molecular systematics of a New World orchid. Orchids 74 (2): 132–137. delchevalerie, G. (1867) Cypripedium caudatum roseum. Revue Horticole (Paris) 39: 133. dodson, C.H. & Kuhn, J.A. (1981) Phragmipedium besseae, a new species from Peru. American Orchid Society Bulletin 50 (11): 1308– 1310. dressler, r.l. & Williams, N.H. (1975) Proposal for the conservation of the generic name1393b Phragmipedium rolfe (1896) (orchidaceae) against Uropedium lindley (1986). Taxon 24 (5/6): 691–692. https://doi.org/10.2307/1220761 endlicher, S. (1837) Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturals disposita. Apud Fr. Beck universitatis Bibliopolam, Vindobonae [Vienna], 1483 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.728 engler, A. (1903) Das Pflanzenreich: regni vegetabilis conspectus 12. Verlag von Wilhelm engelmann, leipzig, 132 pp. Garay, l.A. (1979) The genus Phragmipedium. The Orchid Digest 43 (4): 133–148. Gruss, o. (2014) Latinamerikanische Frauenschuhe. Phragmipedium, Mexipedium, Selenipedium & alle Phragmipedium–Primärhybriden. orchideenzauber-Verlag, ruhmannsfelden, Germany. Hallier H. (1897) Über Paphiopedilum amabile und die Hochgebirgsflorades des Berges K’lamm in Westborneo, nebst einer übersicht über die gattung Paphiopedilum. Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg 14: 18–52. Kraenzlin, F. (1901) Orchidacearum genera et species. Mayer & Müller, Berlin, 986 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15380 lindley, J. (1840) The genera and species of orchidaceous plants, part 7. Neotteae and Cypripedeae. ridgways, london, 553 pp. lindley, J. (1846) Orchidaceae Lindenianae, or notes upon a collection of orchids formed in Colombia and Cuba by Mr. J. Linden. Bradbury & evans, Whitefriars, london, 28 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66687 linden, J. (1874) Pl. 138. Cypripedium schlimii var. albiflorum. L’Illustration Horticole, new series (1): 137–138. linden, J. (1888) Pl. 174. Selenipedium (Cypripedium) caudatum rchb.f. var. albertianum. Cypripède a rubans var. d’Albert. Lindenia: iconographie des orchidées 4: 63. lindley, J. & Paxton, J. (1850) The long-tailed lady’s-slipper. Paxton’s Flower Garden 1: 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBo9781139095648.010 linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Tomus II. Impesis laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp. Pittman, C. (2012) The scent of scandal: greed, betrayal, and the world´s most beautiful orchid. university Press of Florida, Gainesville, 305 pp. Pupulin, F. (2012) las orchidaceae de la “Flora Peruviana et Chilensis” de ruiz y Pavón. estudio taxonómico. II. Anales del Jardín Bitánico de Madrid 69 (2): 143–186. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2336 rauh, W. & Senghas, K. (1975) Phragmipedium caricinum und Phragmipedium pearcii. Die Orchidee: 26 (2): 56–62. reichenbach, H.G. (1852) orchideen der expedition des Herrn J. de Warszewicz. Botanische Zeitung 10 (40): 689–698. reichenbach, H.G. (1854) orchideae Warscewiczianae recentiores. Bonplandia 2: 107–116. reichenbach, H.G. (1865) ueber einige Garten orchideen. Hamburger Garten–und Blumenzeitung 21: 293–301. reichenbach, H.G. (1874) Xenia Orchidacea. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Orchideen 2. F.A. Brockhaus, leipzig, 232 pp. reichenbach, H.G. (1886) New Garden Plants. Gardeners’ Chronicle n.s. 25: 680. A NeW SPeCIeS oF PHRAGMIPeDIUM Phytotaxa 423 (4) © 2019 Magnolia Press • 265 rodríguez Salas, M., Benavides ranilla, J. & espinoza, J.r. (2007) Genetic relationships of Phragmipedium species (orchidaceae) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFlP) analysis. Lankesteriana 7 (3): 493–396. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v0i0.7931 roeth, J. & Gruss, o. (1994) Phragmipedium richteri roeth et Gruss–eine neue Art der Gattung Phragmipedium, Sektion Himantopetalum (Hallier) Garay aus Peru. Orchidee 45 (3): back cover. rolfe, r.A. (1896) The Cypripedium group. Orchid Review 4 (47): 327–334. Schweinfurth, C. (1958) Orchids of Peru. Chicago Natural History Museum Press, Chicago, 1026 pp. Szlachetko, d.l. & Kolanowska, M. (eds.) (2017) Materials to the Orchid Flora of Colombia, Volume 1: Cypripediaceae, Orchidaceae- Orchidoideae, Spiranthoideae-Goodyereae. Koeltz Botanical Books, Germany, 546 pp. ulloa ulloa C., zarucchi, J.l. & león, B. (2004) diez años de adiciones a la Flora del Perú: 1993-2003. Arnaldoa (edic. espec., Nov. 2004): 1–242. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63538 Veitch, J.H. (1890) Manual of orchidaceous plants cultivated under glass in Great Britain part 4. royal exotic Nursery, Chelsea, 108 pp. Vellozo, J.M. da Conceicao (1831) Florae Fluminensis, seu descriptionum plantarum praefectura Fluminensi sponte nascentium. Vol.9, Illustrations, t.1–128. Senefelder, rio de Janeiro. Villafuerte, M. & Christenson, e. (2007) A dramatic range extension for Phragmipedium lindenii. Orchid Digest 71 (1): 41–42.