ISSN 2215-4833 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM 6 Icones Costaricenses 1&2 Authors: Franco Pupulin, Costa Rica Melissa Díaz-Morales, Costa Rica Lizbeth Oses, Costa Rica Isler F. Chinchilla, Costa Rica Adam P. Karremans, Costa Rica Noelia Belfort-Oconitrillo, Costa Rica SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM ICONES COSTARICENSES Melissa Díaz-Morales Jardín Botánico Lankester Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Isler F. Chinchilla Jardín Botánico Lankester Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Lizbeth Oses Jardín Botánico Lankester Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Noelia Belfort-Oconitrill0 Jardín Botánico Lankester Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica GRAPHIC DESIGN EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Luis Pérez Arcila Layout Medellín, Colombia Darius Karremans webmaster Cartago, Costa Rica SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM ICONES COSTARICENSES Volume 6(1&2), Dec 2024 EDITORS Adam P. Karremans Jardín Botánico Lankester Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Sebastián Vieira Uribe Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe Medellín, Colombia Juan Sebastián Moreno Grupo de Investigación Schultes Fundación Ecotonos Cali, Colombia INVITED EDITOR Franco Pupulin Jardín Botánico Lankester Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica ® All Rights Reserved 2024. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Medellín, Colombia Effective publication date ISSN 2215-4833 (electronic): Dec 31, 2024. Cite as: Author(s). Year. Title. Species Orchidacearum Volume(Issue): LCDP. E.g.: Gutiérrez N., Domínguez. E. & Pupulin F. 2017. Kefersteinia taggesellii. Species Orchidacearum 1(1): LCDP 5. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSISSPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSIS Monographic works are often the basis for the study and understanding of local orchid floras. Unfortunately, monographs are not always available for large and poorly explored countries, as well as for complex, species rich groups of plants. In such cases, it may be quite challenging to assess how many and which species need to be include in a systematically structured study a priori. Country level floristic works are unlikely to be published unless they represent either a complete set of taxa belonging to a particular group or a [relatively] complete set of all the species present within a geographical area. Completeness therefore limits the availability of good biological data, highly valuable information that does not become available because of its partiality. A solution to this issue has been the creation of the Icones Plantarum Tropicarum (IPT) and Icones Orchidacearum (IO) series, which monographed orchid taxa by depicting and discussing individual species. These series opened the door for the publication of detailed knowledge on particular species, which would be far too partial to include in any monographic work, as was pointed out by Eric Hágsater when proposing the IO. These series set the basis for the study of orchids in many regions, where it was previously impossible, by depicting an individual to which a name has been applied to in different countries. Regarding the IPT, Calaway H. Dodson stressed that many floras of tropical countries had much more text than illustrations, lamenting that much confusion in botanical taxonomy resulted from inaccurate impressions due to confusing terminology, and pointing out that a picture could be worth a thousand words. Species Orchidacearum (SO) builds on those concepts and adds the following principles: 1. Infra-specific variation. When presenting the illustration for a species, what we are really doing is depicting the features of a single individual of that species from a particular population, a particular time, and particular ecological conditions. It is difficult to assess if what we have illustrated is truly an average individual that we consider representative of the species. There is always a risk of depicting a local variation, or an unusual or aberrant form of FOREWORD I a species. This issue is addressed in Species Orchidacearum by encouraging authors to publish an unlimited number of plates and descriptions as long as they show variation within the same species. This allows for a better assessment of each species’ morphological variation. 2. What you see is what you get. When preparing the protologue of a species it is commonplace to use one or a few specimens known to the author(s). This makes it fairly easy to address what material was considered when preparing a species’ description. But monographs regularly cite lots of material, usually from diverse origins, dates and herbaria. Did the author include the features of all the cited specimens or only of those at hand? Is the description based on the original protologue or an amendment that includes additional material? Is the author’s concept of this particular species very inclusive or very exclusive, is it similar to my own? In Species Orchidacearum descriptions are restricted to the morphological variation found in the illustrated specimen only, nothing more and nothing less. This means that the variation described in each plate is limited, but it also means that these features are exactly what was found in that particular individual, and students are free to combine the descriptions of different individuals of the same species included in the series to form their own concept of each species. 3. Lankester Composite Dissection Plates. At the end of April 2013, Franco Pupulin, Diego Bogarín, Melania Fernández and I agreed to standardize the digital color plates that Lankester Botanical Garden had been perfecting for over a decade. The objective being to make this knowledge and tools generally available to the orchid community. The name LCDP or Lankester Composite Dissection Plate was coined back then, and a series of workshops on how to prepare them were given in countries such as Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. A protocol was released in 2019 and LCDPs have since become highly popular. The technique is now copied and used by students and researchers throughout the Neotropics, from where the concept has spread and is now used to document species belonging to families besides the Orchidaceae. The LCDP’s are another innovative feature of Species Orchidacearum. A combination of more accurate, detailed and less expensive photography, with the lower costs of color printing, and the generalization of digital publication, allows for the possibility of substituting the traditional black and white ink illustrations used in botanical literature for the composite dissection plates in full color published digitally. The LCDP has several advantages over black and white illustrations. They allow for more accuracy in the depiction of shapes, sizes, borders and ornaments, conveying greater information by including II SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSISSPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSIS a rich color palette, allowing for a better assessment of depth, and being much more objective and far less hand-dependent. 4. Systematic order. A major challenge in non-monographic treatments is the loss of systematic order. In such large and diverse groups as Orchidaceae, not knowing where to look for a particular species’ closest relatives can make determination hazardous. Preparing treatments of groups of unrelated species belonging to different genus in each volume creates the issue of requiring the user to flip through the indexes to find all of the species belonging to a particular genus, and then having to go to each publication individually, rather than to be able to find all species of a single genus together. This is addressed in Species Orchidacearum by allowing users to access published material either by volume and issue, or alphabetically by genus or individual species. 5. Accessibility. One of the biggest limiting factors to the study of tropical floras is the unavailability of relevant literature. Type specimens, original descriptions, historical works and important research papers on are mostly deposited or published in North American or European institutes and their journals. Despite the fact that most biodiversity is found in tropical areas, and these continue to be the source of most novel botanical research, it is precisely students from tropical countries that often have the greatest limitation to access and publish biological data. SO is initially intended to be published electronically, lowering the costs of production dramatically. Therefore, and considering that it is to be used by the students of the orchid-rich countries to be able to study their floras, Species Orchidacearum will be completely available online, widely accessible, and free of charge. 6. Now or never. Orchids are considered to have the highest speciation rate, highest rate of extinctions and rarest species of any plant family in the world. The quick decline of biodiversity is one more reason to try to illustrate orchids before they are lost forever. Climate change and habitat disturbance, by deterioration, fragmentation and loss, impact both orchids and their ecological interactions, and their effects are only accelerating. The time is now to take action, both in celebrating and showcasing biodiversity, and in stressing the importance of conserving it. III The main goal of this series is to make available the illustrations of as many individuals of diverse orchid species as possible to students of the tropical floras. Species Orchidacearum follows Icones Orchidacearum in that each icon has its own authors and can be cited individually so that the individual efforts are recognized. However, it falls closer to the idea of Icones Plantarum Tropicarum in that it sticks to a two page format for each icon, giving more relevance to the illustrations, with less emphasis made on having a an extremely detailed description and citation of vouchers of multiple specimens of the same species. Contrary to the controversy that may arise regarding a correct name, a good digital plate is a faithful representation of an individual that was found flowering in a particular space and and time. Adam Philip Karremans IV SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSISSPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSIS ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum was inaugurated by the series Icones Colombianae. But it has always been our intention to progressively add series from different countries. With the publication of the fifth installment of Colombian materials we are exited to present the first two issues from Costa Rica, and look forward to extending this even further to other geographical areas in the near future. The volumes, published as part of the broader Species Orchidacearum serial, have proven to be a useful tool not only for students and researchers, but also for more general audiences, including local communities and decision makers. Careful taxonomic work, enriched by detailed photographic documentation on the local orchid floras, slowly but surely set the basis for a multitude of biodiversity related studies and may be crucial to tackle large and highly diverse floras. These series promote broad and unrestricted public access to the scientific knowledge on biodiversity. Here we present the first 24 icons from Costa Rica. They represent 19 different species belonging to the genera Echinosepala Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. and Pleurothallis R.Br., all in subtribe Pleurothallidinae. Pleurothallids are a major component of neotropical orchid floras, and these will serve as a useful source of information in the assessment of variation and establishment of species’ identities in these highly diverse and challenging groups. The LCDPs of Echinosepala expolita Pupulin & Belfort, Masdevallia bellissima Bogarín, Pupulin & Karremans, Pleurothallis gonzaleziorum Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon, P. grandilingua Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon, P. navisepala Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz, P. pudica Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz, P. scotinantha Pupulin, M.Díaz & J.Aguilar, P. tapantiensis Pupulin, M.Díaz & J.Aguilar, and P. vide-vallis Karremans & J.E.Jiménez are all based on the specimens that served as types. While the illustrated specimens of Pleurothallis angusta Ames & C.Schweinf, P. compressa Luer., P. fantastica Ames, P. rectipetala Ames & C.Schweinf and P. tonduzii Schltr. were all collected close to the species’ type localities. That makes this body of information critical to the interpretation of these taxa. V We hope to continue the effort of publishing additional issues of Species Orchidacearum and remind all users that anyone can publish in this series, and that no country is off limits. We would like to encourage new authors and editors to come forward. The editors VI SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM ICONES COSTARICENSES Index Echinosepala expolita .............................................................................. LCDP 61 Franco Pupulin Echinosepala lappiformis ......................................................................... LCDP 62 Franco Pupulin Masdevallia bellissima ............................................................................. LCDP 63 Franco Pupulin & Lizbeth Oses Masdevallia fulvescens ........................................................................... LCDP 64 Franco Pupulin & Lizbeth Oses Masdevallia fulvescens ........................................................................... LCDP 65 Franco Pupulin & Lizbeth Oses Masdevallia fulvescens ........................................................................... LCDP 66 Franco Pupulin & Lizbeth Oses Pleurothallis angusta ............................................................................. LCDP 67 Franco Pupulin & Melissa Díaz Morales Pleurothallis cardiothallis .................................................................... LCDP 68 Adam P. Karremans & Noelia Belfort-Oconitrillo Pleurothallis cardiothallis .................................................................... LCDP 69 Franco Pupulin Pleurothallis compressa ......................................................................... LCDP 70 Franco Pupulin Pleurothallis fantastica ......................................................................... LCDP 71 Franco Pupulin Pleurothallis gonzaleziorum .................................................................. LCDP 72 Franco Pupulin & Melissa Díaz-Morales Pleurothallis grandilingua ..................................................................... LCDP 73 Franco Pupulin & Melissa Díaz-Morales Pleurothallis navisepala ......................................................................... LCDP 74 Franco Pupulin Pleurothallis navisepala ......................................................................... LCDP 75 Franco Pupulin Pleurothallis oncoglossa ........................................................................ LCDP 76 Franco Pupulin & Melissa Díaz-Morales Pleurothallis phyllocardia .................................................................... LCDP 77 Franco Pupulin & Melissa Díaz-Morales Pleurothallis pudica ................................................................................ LCDP 78 Franco Pupulin & Melissa Díaz-Morales Pleurothallis rectipetala ....................................................................... LCDP 79 Franco Pupulin Pleurothallis scotinantha ....................................................................... LCDP 80 Franco Pupulin Pleurothallis tapantiensis ....................................................................... LCDP 81 Franco Pupulin & Melissa Díaz-Morales Pleurothallis tonduzii ............................................................................. LCDP 82 Franco Pupulin & Isler F. Chinchilla Pleurothallis tonduzii ............................................................................. LCDP 83 Franco Pupulin & Isler F. Chinchilla Pleurothallis vide-vallis ......................................................................... LCDP 84 Adam P. Karremans & Franco Pupulin SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Echinosepala expolita Pupulin & Belfort Lankesteriana 17(2): 294. 2017 Epiphytic, caespitose, erect herb up to 30 cm tall. Roots coarse, flexuous, 1–2 mm wide. Ramicauls stout, terete, 6–12 cm long, with 5 unequal nodes, completely enclosed by 3–5 papyraceous, tubular, ancipitous, obliquely truncate, glabrous, inflated sheaths, 20–80 × 2–8 mm, breaking longitudinally and disintegrating with age. Leaf coriaceous, linear-elliptic, subacute, minutely emarginate, 16–27 × 2–3 cm, midvein strongly protruding abaxially. Inflores- cence a fascicle of successive flowers produced at the apex and the base of the ramicaul; peduncle terete-subclavate, erect, glabrous, 18–25 mm long. Floral bract papyraceous, loose, obliquely trun- cate-subobtuse, 18–24 mm long. Pedicel terete-subclavate, 18–25 mm long. Ovary lanate-hirsute, covered by the bract, linear-sub- clavate, 3 mm long. Flowers bilabiate, opening in the morning and closing in late afternoon; the sepals light greenish yellow, with the adaxial basal half mottled purple-red, the distal half with pointed verrucae, abaxially purple and densely warty-pubescent; the petals yellow, blotched with purple-red, sparsely verrucose; the lip dark purple, fresh flowers apically covered with a translucent wax. Dor- sal sepal elliptic-oblong, subacute, 19–20 × 4–9 mm, 7–9-veined, base semitransparent forming a window under the dark blotches. Lateral sepals connate into an elliptic synsepal, 16–17 × 4–10 mm, each 5-veined, the apices free about 6 mm, subacute-rounded. Petals fleshy, rhombic, obliquely asymmetric, acute, 6–7 × 1–3 mm, 3-veined. Lip 3-lobed, narrowly oblong-obovate from a small, rounded, thin claw, 7.5 × 2.2 mm, the base subtruncate; later- al lobes basal, erect, narrowly linear-subuncinate, antrorse; the apical lobe elliptic-truncate, with irregular margins, with a pair of intramarginal, thin keels running from the disc, inside the lateral lobes, to the middle of the midlobe blade, apically thickened into a cushion-like, elliptic, low pad; disc with an erect, narrow callus arising above the base, topped by a horseshoe-shaped, channeled pseudo-glenion, producing a gelatinous exudate, extending in front into a low groove flushing into the apex. Column straight, semiterete, 4–5 mm long, with long, narrow, subrectangular wings above the middle, the foot 2 mm long. Anther cap globose, cucul- late, 0.8 × 0.8 mm, with stiff hairs on the upper margin, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, obovoid, flattened, 0.6 × 0.3 mm, caudicle short bilobed. Etymology: From the Latin expolitus, “shining, glossy”, in allusion to the glossy apex of the lip in the fresh flowers with exudate. Echinosepala expolita is distinguished by the inflorescence that may be produced both at the apex and lower nodes of the ram- icaul, the glabrous, inflated sheaths that cover the stem, the linear-elliptic leaves, the lanate-hirsute ovary, the sepals >15 mm long, and the tomentose abaxial indumentum of the sepals. References: Pupulin, F., A. P. Karremans & N. Belfort Oconitrillo (2017). Two new species of Echinosepala (Orchidaeae: Pleurothallidinae). Lankesteri- ana 17(2): 285–304. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 61 Type: Costa Rica. Alajuela: San Ramón, Piedades, Piedades Norte, road to Bajo La Paz, ca. km 3, along the Río San Pedro, 1300 m. 19 February 2008. F. Pupulin 7030, R.L. Dressler & A.P. Karremans (holotype: JBL; isotypes: JBL; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Echinosepala expolita Pupulin & Belfort. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected perianth. D–E. Lip, adaxial and tyhree quarters views. F. Ovary, column and lip, lateral view. G. Ovary and column, three quartres and ventral views. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinarium, two views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Echinosepala lappiformis (A.Heller & L.O.Williams) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Lindleyana 17(2): 101. 2002 Plant epiphytic, shortly repent, erect to subprostrate, up to 25 cm tall. Ramicauls stout, terete, 15–50 mm long, composed by 2–3 unequal nodes, enclosed by 3 papyraceous, fibrous, tubular, obtuse sheaths, to 3 cm long, fragmented with age. Leaf thickly coriaceous, elliptic, acute, minutely emarginate, 6–12 × 2–3 cm, base sessile, mid vein strongly protruding abaxially. Inflorescence a single flower emerging from the lower nodes of the ramicaul; the peduncle terete, erect, minutely pubescent, 3–4 mm long, subtended by a fibrous, brown, acute bract 3 mm long. Floral bract fibrous-papyraceous, brownish, inflated, obliquely truncate, 7–8 mm long. Pedicel obconical, pubescent, 2–3 mm long. Ovary clavate, purple, 3 mm long, densely long-pubescent to echinate. Flowers bilabiate, dorsal sepal apically connate to the tip of the synsepal, fleshy, non-resupinate, held almost vertically, bright red-purple, the petals basally white, densely long pubescent-ech- inate externally, rugose-verrucose within. Dorsal sepal narrow- ly triangular, acute, 17–20 × 4–5 mm, 3-veined. Lateral sepals connate to the apex into an obovate, obtuse, concave synsepal, the margins erect, adaxially transversely verruculose, 20–22 × 14–16 mm. Petals fleshy, linear-oblong, acute, adaxially verrucose in the distal half, 11–12 × 3 mm, 3-veined. Lip 3-lobed, elliptic from a thin, rectangular, rose-hyaline claw, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, base truncate; apical lobe ovate, truncate, denticulate, verrucose, provided with a pair of intramarginal, thick, apically verrucolose keels running inside the lateral lobes toward the disc; lateral lobes erect, ellip- tic-subuncinate, antrorse; the disc transversely rugose-sulcate. Column straight, semiterete, 6–7 mm long, with narrow, rectangu- lar wings above the middle ending at apex into pointed teeth, the foot 1 mm long. Anther cap globose, cucullate, with stiff hairs on the upper margin, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, ovoid, laterally compressed, on a short bilobed caudicle. Etymology: From the Latin lappiformis, “like a bur”, in allusion to the appearance of the flower.. Echinosepala lappiformis is easily recognized by the red purple, long pubescent-echinate flowers born at the base of the stems, with the narrowly triangular dorsal sepal apically connate to the apex of the synsepal. Echinosepala stonei (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase has a free and obtuse dorsal sepal, while E. balaeni- ceps (Luer & Dressler) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase has a much larger flower with a high, longitudinal callus on the disc. References: Luer, C. A. 1992. Icones Pleurothallidinarum IX. Systematics of Myox- anthus. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 44: 1–111. Pupulin, F., N. Belfort-Oconitrillo, A. P. Karremans & D. Bogarín. 2020. Florae Costaricensis Subtribui Pleurothallidinis Prodromus—Sys- tematics of Echinosepala (Orchidaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 25(2): 155–190. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 62 Synonyms: Pleurothallis lappiformis A.Heller & L.O.Williams, Fieldiana, Botany 31(2): 42. 1964. Myoxanthus lappiformis (A.Heller & L.O.Williams) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.15: 38. 1986. Brenesia lappiformis (A.Heller & L.O.Williams) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 255. 2004. Type: Nicaragua. Chontales: epiphytic at Pistacho Peak near Babi- lonia Mine, alt. 650 m, Jul 1962, A. Heller 6620 (holotype, F). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Limón: Pococí, Guápiles, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Sector Quebrada González, Sendero Las Palmas, behind the building, 467 m, tropical wet, transition to premontane wet forest. 22 March 2012. D. Bogarín et al. 9554 (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCPD: Echinosepala lappiformis (A.Heller & L.O.Williams) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected perianth. D. Lip, adaxial view. E. Ovary, column and lip. F. Ovary and column, ventral view. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Masdevallia bellissima Bogarín, Pupulin & Karremans Vanishing Beauty. Vol. 2: 574. 2020 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect, up to 15 cm tall. Roots flexuous, to 1 mm wide. Ramicauls erect, up to 1 cm long, enclosed by 2–3, tubular sheaths 1 cm long. Leaves bright green, erect to suberect, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, emarginate, with a short apicu- lus, 3–7 cm long including the 1–2 cm long petiole, 7–10 mm wide, the base gradually narrowed. Inflorescence single flowered. Peduncle light green, sparsely spotted with brown, suberect, to 11 cm long, with three tubular bracts. Floral bract tubular, 10 × 2 mm. Pedicel light green, cylindric, 15 mm long. Ovary subclavate, light green 5 × 3 mm, with 6 straight ribs. Flowers fleshy, without perceptible fragrance, pinkish white suffused with yellow, the sepaline tails yellow, the petals white with pinkish purple stains along the midvein, the lip white inconspicuously spotted fuchsia along the keel, the column white with pinkish purple stains along the ventral side. Dorsal sepal broadly obovate, 9 cm long including the tail, 1.5 cm wide, connate 13 mm to the lateral sepals to form an open, cylindrical sepaline tube, the free portion ca. 7.5 cm long including the tail, basally subrhombic, abruptly contracted into a slender, erect, apical tail to 6.5 mm long. Lateral sepals obovate, oblique, 8 cm long including the tails, connate 1.5 cm to form a lamina 2.5 cm wide when expanded, the free portion ca. 7.5 cm long, including the erect apical tails, each basally ovate, gradually contracted into a slender, descending, ca. 6 cm long apical tail. Petals asymmetrically ovate, oblique, unguiculate, 6 × 2–3 mm, the apex acute to rounded, the labellar margin with a low, incon- spicuous, longitudinal callus. Lip oblong, base subtruncate, hinged beneath, convex, recurved with an incurved apex, 6–6.5 × 2–2.5 mm, the callus made up of two low keels. Column semiterete, 6 × 2 mm, provided with a foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension. Anther cap cucullate. Pollinia two, ovoid, caudicles whitish, with a stretched whale tail shape. Etymology: From the Latin bellissimus, “very beautiful”, in allusion to the lovely, magnificent flower, which is among the showiest of the genus in Costa Rica. Masdevallia bellissima is most similar to M. schroederiana, from which it differs in the pinkish white flowers suffused with yellow (vs. blood red with white center), the smooth surface of sepals (vs. verrucose), the petals white with pink stains (vs. purplish with a red stripe along the midvein) and the oblong lip (vs. subpandu- rate). References: Pupulin, F. & L. Oses. 2020. Masdevallia. Pp. 572–609 in: F. Pupulin (ed.). Vanishing Beauty. Native Costa Rican Orchids. Vol. 2: Lacaena– Pteroglossa. Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg. TEXT by F. Pupulin & L. Oses LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 63 Type: Costa Rica. Limón: Talamanca, Bratsi, 1740 m. 26 April 2017, flowered in cultivation 16 August 2017. A.P. Karremans et al. 7793 (holotype, CR; isotypes, JBL, USJ; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Masdevallia bellissima Bogarín, Pupulin & Karremans. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dorsal sepal and petals. D. Synsepal and lip. E. Petal, adaxial view. F. Lip, adaxial and abaxial views. G. Column and lip, lateral view. H. Anther cap. I–J. Different views of pollinarium. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe Gard. Chron. ser. 3(8): 325. 1890 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, up to 11 cm tall. Roots flexuous, to 1 mm wide. Ramicauls erect to suberect, up to 2 cm long, enclosed by 2–3 tubular, white sheaths 7–15 mm long. Leaves light green becoming dark green when mature, erect to suberect, coriaceous, smooth, oblanceolate to spatulate, from an aequilateral base, emarginated, with a tiny apiculus, 3–9 cm long including the petiole, 1.5–2.0 cm wide, the base gradually narrowed into the petiole 15–20 mm long. Inflorescence suc- cessive-flowered; peduncle light green, smooth, suberect, to 8 cm long, with two bracts, one at the base and the other near to the pedicel; floral bract light green, tubular, 12 × 4 mm; pedicel light green, terete, 13 mm long. Ovary terete, light green, with 6 longitudinal grooves, 4 × 3 mm. Flowers fleshy, the dorsal sepal yellow with four cardinal channels, the synsepal white at the base, with two channels wine-red on the sides, the blade purple with six channels, dark purple, four yellow veins at the base and two white veins towards the tails, the sepaline tails yellow in the dorsal sepal and greenish yellow in the lateral sepals, the petals and the lip white, sparsely dotted with purple. Dorsal sepal oblong, 8.5 cm long including tail, 0.7 cm wide, connate 1.6 cm to the lateral sepals to form a sepaline tube, basally narrow, the free portion 7 cm long including the 6 cm long and thin tail. Lateral sepals subrhombic, 9 cm long including the tails, connate 1.6 cm to form a lamina 1.7 cm wide when expanded, the free portion 7 cm long including the tail, each half basally deltoid, narrowed apically into a thin, descending and backward to 5.7 cm long apical tail. Petals ovate, oblique, unguiculate, 5–6 × 3 mm, apex rounded with an additional apicule on the upper margin, the labellar margin entire, thickened at the base to form an inconspicuous callus. Lip subpandurate, obtuse, 5 × 2 mm, the base subcordate, with a joint connecting to the column foot, with a minute bulky callus along the central vein. Column white with purple dots, semiterete, 5 × 1 mm, column foot 1–2 mm long, the apex lacerate. Anther cap white, cucullate. Pollinia two, yellow, ovoid, on a whitish caudicle. Etymology: From the Latin fulvescens, “tawny”, referring to the yellowish-brown color of the flowers. Masdevallia fulvescens belongs to a group of morphologically similar and genetically closely related species, including M. calura, M. reichenbachiana, M. rolfeana and M. schroederiana. It is mainly distinguished from its close relatives by the slightly arched sepal- ine tube, (a straight funnel-shaped in the other species), which is distinctly compressed laterally. References: Luer, C. A. 2000. Icones pleurothallidinarum. XXI. Systematics of Masdevallia, Part Two. M. subgenus Masdevallia, section Coriaceae, section Dentatae, section Durae, section Reiehenbachianae, M. sub- genus Pygmaeia. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82, 265-518. Oses, L. 2017. Filogenia molecular de las especies de Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. (Orchidaceae) de Costa Rica (tesis de Licenciatura). Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Costa Rica. TEXT by F. Pupulin & L. Oses LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 64 Synonyms: Reichantha fulvescens (Rolfe) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 13. 2006. Type: Costa Rica: without locality, Dec. 1889, imported by F. Hors- man s.n. (holotype, K). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Heredia: San Isidro, 1688 m, 30 diciembre 2013. D. Bogarín et al. 10823 (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Petal adaxial view. E. Lip adaxial view. F. Column and Lip, lateral view. G. Column ventral views. H. Pollinarium and anther views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe Gard. Chron. ser. 3(8): 325. 1890 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, up to 12 cm tall. Roots whitish green to pale brown, smooth, to 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls up to 15 mm long, enclosed by 2−3 tubular sheaths 5−15 mm long. Leaves the base gradually narrowed into the peti- ole, the blade smooth, coriaceous, oblanceolate to spatulate, from an aequilateral base, emarginated, inconspicuous apiculus, 7−10.5 cm long including the petiole, 1.0−1.5 mm wide, petiole 15−50 mm long. Inflorescence successive, with a single flower open at time; peduncle suberect, 5−7 cm long, bracts two; floral bract light green, tubular, 10 × 2 mm; pedicel light green, 11−13 mm long. Ovary terete, with 6 longitudinal grooves, 3–4 mm long. Flowers fleshy, the dorsal sepal whitish at the base, yellow tinged with faint purple in the center, the synsepal pale purple basally, white in the middle, turning yellow on each side, with four faint crimsons grooves, from two purple blotches at the base that extend towards the apex, turning wider and more marked on the blade, the sepal- ine tails greenish yellow, the petals and the lip white, finely dotted with purple dots. Dorsal sepal obovate, 90 mm long including tail, 7 mm wide, connate 12 mm to the lateral sepals forming a sepal- ine tube, basally narrow, the free portion 80 mm long including the tail, apical tail to 70 mm long. Lateral sepals subrhombic, 88 mm long including the tails, connate 13 mm to form a lamina 17 mm wide when expanded, the free portion 75 mm long includ- ing the tail, each half basally deltoid, projecting into a fairly thin, descending, slightly twisted to 60 mm long and narrow apical tail. Petals ovate, oblique, unguiculate 5.3 × 2.6 mm, apically rounded with an additional apicule on the upper margin, the margin entire, thickened in the lower basal margin to form an inconspicuous callus. Lip articulate to the column foot, basally bluntly sagittate to subcordate, subpandurate, obtuse, 5 x 2 mm, with a low longitu- dinal, central callus. Column white dotted with purple, semiterete, 5 × 1 mm, column foot 2 mm long, the apex irregularly serrate. Anther cap white, cucullate. Pollinia two, yellow, ovoid, on a whale tail-shaped caudicle. Etymology: From the Latin fulvescens, “tawny”, referring to the yellowish-brown color of the flowers. It is noteworthy that another plant from the same population (Bogarín 10823(a), also in this series), shows discrete differences at the intraspecific level. The length of the petiole of the current specimen is up to 3 cm longer. The dorsal sepal has a more yellow color pattern, with very weak purple channels, and a larger yellow and white area at the base of the lateral sepals. The lateral tails and the free portion of the sepaline tube are distinctly recurved. References Luer, C. A. 2000. Icones pleurothallidinarum. XXI. Systematics of Masdevallia, Part Two. M. subgenus Masdevallia, section Coriaceae, section Dentatae, section Durae, section Reiehenbachianae, M. sub- genus Pygmaeia. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82, 265-518. TEXT by F. Pupulin & L. Oses LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 65 Synonyms: Reichantha fulvescens (Rolfe) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 13. 2006. Type: Costa Rica: without locality, Dec. 1889, imported by F. Hors- man s.n. (holotype, K). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Heredia: San Isidro, 1688 m. 30 diciembre 2013. D. Bogarín et al. 10803 (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Lip adaxial and abaxial views, petal views. E. Column and lip, lateral view. F. Column ventral views. G. Pollinarium and anther views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 LCDP 66 Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe Gard. Chron. ser. 3(8): 325. 1890 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, up to 8 cm tall. Roots whitish brown, smooth, flexuous, to 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls almost indis- tinguishable at the base of the blade, erect to suberect, up to 1 cm long, enclosed by 2−3 tubular sheaths to 15 mm long. Leaves green the base gradually narrowed in a light green petiole, erect to suberect, coriaceous, oblanceolate to spatulate from an aequi- lateral base, emarginated, inconspicuous apiculus, 3−7 × 0.5−1.2 cm including the petiole 10–30 mm long. Inflorescence succes- sive-flowered with a single flower born at once; peduncle smooth, suberect, 7.5 cm long, with two bracts, one at the base and the other near to the pedicel; floral bract tubular, 9–10 × 2 mm; pedicel light green, 9 mm long. Ovary terete, light green, with some indistinct wine-colored spots, with 6 longitudinal grooves, 2 × 1–2 mm. Flowers fleshy, the dorsal sepal yellow tinged with faint purple along the channels adjacent to the nerves and with a small white area at the base, the lateral sepals white along the nerves, pale yellow on each upper side, with faint purple red channels, two purple blotches at the base surrounded by white, the sepaline tails yellow turning a little orange when aging, the petals white, the lip and the column white with very small purple red dots pattern. Dorsal sepal oblong to elliptic, 70 × 8 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate 10 mm to the lateral sepals forming a narrow sepaline tube, the free portion 55 mm long including the 50 mm long descending apical tail. Lateral sepals subrhombic, 75 mm long including the tails, connate 10 mm to form a lamina 13 mm wide when expanded, the free portion 63 mm long including the ca. 50 mm long tail, each half basally with a joint connected to the column foot. Petals asymmetrically ovate, oblique, unguiculate, 5 × 2 mm, the apex acute to rounded, the labellar margin with a low, inconspicuous, longitudinal callus. Lip oblong, base subtrun- cate, hinged beneath, convex, recurved with an incurved apex, 4.8 × 1.8 mm. Column semiterete, 5 mm long. Anther cap white, cucullate. Pollinia two, yellow, ovoid, with a whale tail-shaped caudicle. Etymology: From the Latin fulvescens, “tawny”, referring to the yellowish-brown color of the flowers. Even though this specimen is the same illustrated in other plates of this series (Bogarín 10803), there are visually more differences between the two flowerings of this individual plant than those recorded with another specimen of M. fulvescens from the same population (see, in this series, Bogarín 10823). The height of the plant decreased, under artificial cultivation, to 4 cm, making the inflorescence overshoot it. The lateral sepals have a bleached appearance. The tails, both dorsal and lateral, as observed in the first simultaneous flowering of this plant, present different orientations, showing how much plastic this characteristic can be in this species. On the other hand, the morphology of the lip and the column remains very consistent, possibly because of the more specific relationship of these organs with the pollinator. References: Luer, C. A. .2000. Icones Pleurothallidinarum. XXI. Systematics of Masdevallia, Part Two. M. subgenus Masdevallia, section Coriaceae, section Dentatae, section Durae, section Reiehenbachianae, M. sub- genus Pygmaeia. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82, 265-518. TEXT by F. Pupulin & L. Oses LCDP by F. Pupulin Synonyms: Reichantha fulvescens (Rolfe) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 13. 2006. Type: Costa Rica: without locality, Dec. 1889, imported by F. Hors- man s.n. (holotype, K). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Heredia: San Isidro, 1688 m. 30 diciembre 2013. D. Bogarín 10803(a), M. Bonilla, A. Villalobos, G. Villalobos & J.J. Zúñiga (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Masdevallia fulvescens Rolfe. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Petal. E. Lip adaxial and abaxial views. F. Column ventral view. G. Polli- narium and anther views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 LCDP 67 Pleurothallis angusta Ames & C.Schweinf. Schedul. Orchid. 8: 23. 1925 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to 50 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 24–35 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, green suffused with dark red, provided with a tubular, short, truncate sheath to 2.5 cm long at the base, and a longer, tubular, tightly adpressed, obtuse sheath below the middle, to 5–7 cm long. Leaf borne erect at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming horizontal and revolute along the margins in the basal half with age, coriaceous, sessile, lanceolate, acute, 8.0–16.5 × 2–3 cm, cordate at the base, the mid-vein channeled on the adaxial surface, prominent on the abaxial surface, grass-green to dark green. Inflorescence 1–2 flowered, from a prostrate spatha- ceous bract ca. 1 cm long, brown, dry-papyraceous when mature, eventually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, pale green, 11–14 mm long, bending towards the margin of the leaf. Ovary sub- clavate, terete, 5–7 mm long. Flowers dark purple, suffused with yellow on the margins of the sepals and petals. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 10.5–11.0 × 4.5–5.0 mm, 3-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, acute synsepal, 9–10 × 5–6 mm, 5-veined. Petals falcate to subovate, obtuse, 6.3–7.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm, 1-veined, ciliate, often reflexed below synsepal. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, geniculate, thick, ligulate, minutely ciliate, basally bilobed, obtuse, 4–5 × 3 mm; glenion deeply recessed between the margins of the hypochile, ca. 0.51 mm long. Column short, trans- versely subrectangular, dorsoventrally complanate, ca. 1.2–1.8 × 1.8 mm, the anther apical, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap obtriangular, truncate, bilobed at the base, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, nar- rowly oblong-pyriform, attached to an elliptic viscidium through a short, cylindric caudicula. Etymology: From the Latin angustus, “narrow”, probably referring to the narrow, oblong leaves of the species. Pleurothallis angusta grows in humid montane forests. The plants are similar to those of P. tonduzii, but the lanceolate leaves become revolute with age. The pedicel bending towards the side of the leaf, and the minutely ciliate petals and lip, distinguish this species from its relatives. References: Ames, O. & Schweinfurth, C. 1925. New or noteworthy species of orchids from the American Tropics. Schedulae Orchidianae 8: 1-84. TEXT by M. Díaz-Morales LCDP by F. Pupulin & M. Díaz-Morales Type: Costa Rica, in cultivation at Las Concavas, probably native of Cachi. C. H. Lankester 850 (holotype, AMES). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Cartago: Turrialba, Tayutic, Mora- via de Chirripó. On the road to Platanillo, in remaining forest on the side of the road. 1160 m. 15 December 2013. A.P. Karremans 6175 & M. Contreras Fernández (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis angusta Ames & C.Schweinf. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Column and lip, three quarters view. E. Lip, adaxial, lateral, and abaxial views. F. Column, abaxial, adaxial, and lateral views. G. Anther cap. H. Pollinarium, abaxial, adaxial, and lateral views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis cardiothallis Rchb.f. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 15: 158. 1857 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, up to 48 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 21–45 cm long, with two tubular sheaths, one at the base, 3.0–4.0 cm long, and another below the middle, 5.0–8.5 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, green becoming papyraceous. Leaf apical, becoming sub-pendent, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, narrowly acute, 20–25 × 7–12 cm, deeply cordate at the base, the basal lobes not overlapping, matte. Inflorescence subfascicled, flow- ers solitary, usually produced singly in succession, from a reclined spathaceous bract to 2 cm long, papyraceous, disintegrating. Pedicel terete, ca. 1 cm long. Ovary terete-subclavate, curved, 5 mm long. Flowers short-lived, with temporary activity, spreading; purple colored, the dorsal sepal apically fading dull yellow, with the base and margins of the sepals greenish-yellow, the lip purple with the apex whitish-yellow, the column purple with the foot white. Dorsal sepal erect, ovate, acute, 16.0–17.9 × 8.9–11.6 mm, margins reflexed, 13-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broad- ly ovate, subacute synsepal, subconcave in the middle, margins reflexed, 14.4–16.4 × 13.0–13.7 mm, each half 7-veined. Petals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, obliquely asymmetric, subsigmoid, acuminate, reflexed, uncinate, 11.0–11.6 × 3.2 mm, 3-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, geniculate from a thick- ened base, peltate, basally truncate with rounded angles, obtuse, abruptly acute-apiculate, the apical margins thickened-infolded, finely pubescent-velutine abaxially, the abaxial midvein thickened, 8.2 × 5.5 mm; glenion on a deeply concave surface between the lateral hypochile, less than 1 mm long. Column short and stout, transversely subrectangular, complanate, ca. 2 × 3 mm, foot less than 0.5 mm long, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap yellow, cucullate, cordate, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, yellow, narrowly ovoid-pyriform, ca. 1 mm long, attached to a drop-like viscidium. Etymology: from the Greek kardíā, “heart”, and thallós, “stem”, in reference to the heart-shaped leaf. Pleurothallis cardiothallis are large plants bearing large purple flowers; a yellow variant is also illustrated here. On anthesis the flowers are more or less cucullate, fully spreading only after a few days. The species can be recognized by the fully reflexed sepals, the peltate lip with the apical margins thickened and folded inwards, revealing the papillose abaxial sur-face. The closest relatives are P. oncoglossa, whose lip ends into a conical, uncinate callus, and P. navisepala, which has much smaller flowers usually produced 2–4 at once. References: Pupulin, F., M. Díaz-Morales, J. Aguilar & M. Fernández. 2017. Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) allied to P. cardiothallis, with a note on flower activity. Lankesteriana 17: 329–356. TEXT by A.P. Karremans & N. Belfort-Oconitrillo LCDP by N. Belfort-Oconitrillo & A.P. Karremans LCDP 68 Synonyms: Humboltia cardiothallis (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891. Acronia cardiothallis (Rchb.f.) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 106. 2005. Zosterophyllanthos cardiothallis (Rchb.f.) Szlach. & Kulak, Rich- ardiana 6(4): 187. 2006. Type: Ex Anglia in hortum Schillerianum introducta, G.W. Schiller s.n. (holotype, W). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Cartago: Turrialba, Santa Ter- esita, Guayabo, Monumento Nacional Guayabo, around the main trails. May 26 2015. A.P. Karremans 6580, D. Bogarín & F. Pupulin (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis cardiothallis Rchb.f. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth flattened. D. Detail of the lip. E. Column, ventral view. F. Column without and with the lip, lateral view. G. An-ther cap. H. Pollinarium. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis cardiothallis Rchb.f. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 15: 158. 1857 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to 50 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 38–50 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with two tubular, subobtuse sheaths to 30 mm long at the base, and a tightly adpressed, truncate sheath just below the middle, to 6 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, green, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous with age. Leaf borne horizontally, becoming curved-subpendent with age, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, narrowly acute to abruptly subcuminate, 17–21 × 8–10 cm, deeply cordate at the base, the basal lobes not overlapping, grass green, matte. Inflorescence a fascicle of solitary flowers, usually produced singly in succession, rarely in pairs, from a reclined spathaceous bract to 2 cm long, dry-papyraceous, disintegrating with age. Pedicel terete, green, to 10 mm long. Ovary terete-sub- clavate, curved, 5–7 mm long. Flowers spreading, short-lived (to 6 days), with temporary activity, strongly reflexed at complete anthesis, uniformly yellow, the lip brighter, the column green- ish white. Dorsal sepal erect, ovate, subacute, 9–12 × 6–7 mm, margins reflexed, 13-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broad- ly ovate, subacute synsepal, margins reflexed, 9–11 × 8–9 mm, 10-veined. Petals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, subsygmoid, acuminate, strongly reflexed at maturity, 6–7 × 2 mm, 3-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, geniculate from a thickened base, peltate, basally truncate with rounded angles, obtuse, abruptly acute-apiculate, the apical margins thickened-in- folded, finely pubescent-velutine abaxially, the abaxial midvein thickened, 4 × 3 mm; glenion on a slightly concave-recessed plate between the lateral margins of the hypochile, less than 1 mm long. Column short and stout, transversely subrectangular, dorsiven- trally complanate, with a short foot, ca. 2 × 3 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap cucullate, cordate, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, narrowly ovoid-pyriform, ca. 1 mm long, attached to a peltate viscidium through two short, cylindric caudicles. Etymology: from the Greek kardíā, “heart”, and thallós, “stem”, in reference to the heart-shaped leaf. The large flower up to 35 mm in size opening and closing over three to four days until reaching complete anthesis with strongly reflexed sepals, the peltate lip with the apicl margins thickened and folded in, revealing the papillose abaxial surface, distinguish P.cardiothallis from its relatives. The closest species are P.oncoglos- sa, whose lip ends into a conical, uncinate callus, and P.navisepala, which has much smaller flowers usually produced 2–4 at once. The yellow phase in species which normally have purple flowers is quite common in Pleurothallis, includuing Macrophyllae-Fascicu- latae group. References: Pupulin, F., M. Díaz-Morales, J. Aguilar & M. Fernández. 2017. Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) allied to P. cardiothallis, with a note on flower activity. Lankesteriana 17: 329–356. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 69 Synonyms: Humboltia cardiothallis (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891. Acronia cardiothallis (Rchb.f.) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 106. 2005. Zosterophyllanthos cardiothallis (Rchb.f.) Szlach. & Kulak, Rich- ardiana 6(4): 187. 2006. Type: Ex Anglia in hortum Schillerianum introducta, G.W. Schiller s.n. (holotype, W). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Cartago: Jiménez, Pejivalle, La Marta, shores of Río Gato, 750 m. 3 Nov 2006. F. Pupulin 6414, R.L. Dressler, R. Gómez, A.P. Karremans & G. Rojas (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis cardiothallis Rchb.f. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Column and lip, lateral view. E. Column, ventral wiew. F. Column, three quarters view. G. Pollinarium, three views. H. Anther cap. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis compressa Luer Lindleyana 11(2): 75. 1996 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, subpendent, to 30 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, 1–2 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete becoming ancipitous at apex, slender, 14–30 cm long, 2–5 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with a tubular, truncate sheath to 2 cm long at the base, and a truncate sheath below the middle, to 6 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, pale green, becoming dry-papyra- ceous with age. Leaf reclined toward the pendent-curved rami- caul, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, narrowly lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, 11–18 × 4–6 cm, deeply cordate at the base, the basal lobes not overlapping. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne pen- dent from a suberect, spathaceous, diagonally truncate bract 10 mm long, dry-papyraceous; peduncle terete, facing down, to 15 mm long. Pedicel terete, to 7 mm long. Ovary subclavate, curved rounded in section, reddish brown, 5–6 mm long. Flowers non-re- supinate, the sepals reddish brown, the petal light ocher-brown, the lip dull orange, the column white. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 6 × 4 mm, 3-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a subrounded, apically deeply excised synsepal, 6 × 5 mm, the apices free for 2 mm, acute, abruptly apiculate, each half 2-veined. Petals narrowly triangular-falcate, acuminate, 1 × 1 mm, 1-veined. Lip hinged to the column foot, broadly triangular-rheniform, basally truncate with rounded angles, broadly obtuse, apiculate, sparsely verru- cose, 2 × 3 mm, strongly conduplicate at the base, the margins sligthly reflexed; glenion raised on a cushion-like callus between the margins of the hypochile, less than 1 mm long. Column short, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally complanate, ca. 2 × 2 mm, apically diagonally truncate seen from the side, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap cucullate, narrowly ovate-triangular, cordate, 2-celled. Pollinia two, narrow- ly oblong-pyriform, attached to a peltate-subrounded viscidium through two short, cylindrical caudicles. Etymology: from the Latin compressus, “compressed, flattened”, in reference to the laterally compressed ramicaul. The curved, ancipitous ramicauls and pendent, narrowly lance- olate-ovate, acuminate leaves deeply cordate at the base, and the small brown flower borne pendently beneath the axial surface of the leaf, completely reflexed (or laterally “compressed”) easily distinguish P. compressa from any other species in the genus. References: Luer, C. A. 1996. New species in the Pleurothallidinae from Costa Rica. Lindleyana 11: 54–89. Luer, C. A. 2005. Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXVI. Systematics of Ac- ronia, section Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 103: 57–274. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 70 Synonyms: Acronia compressa (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 112. 2005. Zosterophyllanthos compressus (Luer) Szlach. & Kulak, Richardi- ana 6(4): 188. 2006, as Z. compressa. Type: Costa Rica. Cartago: Turrialba, without further collection data, flowered in cultivation at the Lankester Botanical Garden, Cartago, 7 March 1995, C. Luer 17380 (holotype, CR; isotype, MO). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Cartago: Cartago, San Francisco, Muñeco, Finca Loma Verde and Jilguero, road to Alto Belén, between Río Sombrero and Quebrada Patarrá, 1542 m. 22 Jul 2010. D. Bogarín 7839, M. Fernández, R. Trejos & C. Smith (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis compressa Luer. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Lip, adaxial and abaxial views. E. Lip, frontal view. F. Ovary, column and lip, lateral view. G. Anther cap. H. Pollinarium, two views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis fantastica Ames Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4: 41. 1936 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, arching to pendent, up to 37 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls slender, 10–23 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, terete at the base, becom- ing slightly ancipitous distally, pale green, with two basal, short, tubular, obtuse sheaths, and another tubular, cylindrical, tightly adpressed sheath below the middle, the lower ones 8–14 mm long, the upper to 40 mm long, the sheaths dry-papyraceous, brown. Leaf borne at the apex of the ramicaul, pendent, rigidly coriaceous, sessile, narrowly ovate, acute, tapering to a subacuminate, mucro- nate apex, concave at the base, green, matte, 10–14 cm long, 1.7– 2.2 cm wide, the basal lobes suberect, decurrent on the ramicaul for about 15 mm. Inflorescence a fascicle of solitary flowers, pro- duced in succession from a prostrate, rectangular, obliquely trun- cate, glumaceous, green, spathaceous bract emerging above the base of the leaf 5–7 mm long, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous when mature and eventually fugacious; the peduncle terete, mostly adanate to the leaf, terete, to 2 cm long. Pedicel terete, green, 5–6 mm long. Ovary terete, greenish yellow, the mid-lobe and the disc of the lip reddish brown. Dorsal sepal erect, elliptic, subacute, the margins reflexed, 6–7 × 4 mm, 5-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly elliptic, obtuse, minutely emarginate synsepal, the margins reflexed, 5 × 4 mm, each lateral sepal 4-veined. Petals broadly asymettrically lanceolate, subfalcate, acute, glandulose, the margins cellular 5–6 × 3 mm, 3–veined. Lip fleshy, adnate to the base of the column, transversely 3-lobed, 3 × 4 mm when spread, the lateral lobes transversely elliptic-rheniform, obliquely erect, minutely glandulose, the midlobe elliptic-subqaudrate, bilobu- late-retuse, distinctly glandulose, with a minute abaxial apiculum, ca. 1 × 1 mm, the disc with a low, bilobed callus. Column terete, stout, distinctly dilated distally, minutely glandulose, ca. 3 × 2 mm, the anther apical, incumbent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap cucullate, ovate, subcordate, truncate, two-celled. Pollinia two, narrowly ovoid, attached to an elliptic viscidium. Etymology: From the Latin fantasticus, “imaginary”, but also “won- derful, marvelous”, in allusion to the odd flowers in this species. The long, narrow, pendent leaves, born on a distally ancipitous ramicaul, which are cuneate (not cordate) at the base, and the flower with a distinctly three-lobed lip, the lateral lobes broad, elliptic, spread out, and the midlobe small, excised, easily distin- guish Pleurothallis fantastica both vegetatively and florally from any other species in the genus. References: Ames, O. 1936. A new Pleurothallis from Costa Rica. Botanical Muse- um Leaflets, Harvard University 4: 41–46. Luer, C. A. 1985. Eine neue Pleurothallis-Art aus Costa Rica: Pleuroth- allis horichii. Die Orchidee 36: 23–25. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 71 Synonyms: Acronia fantastica (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 134. 2005. Type: Costa Rica: San José: vicinity of El General, epiphyte on trees by a river, 830 m, Jan.1936, A.F. Skutch 2391 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Coto Brus, San Vito, Estación Biológica Las Cruces, Reserva Biológica, Río Java, Sendero Ridge, 1340 m. 6 Oct 2018. M. Blanco 5087, N. Jiménez, O. Alvarado, M. Cedeño, K. Gil & M.J. Mata (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis fantastica Ames. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Lip, spread, adaxial view. E. Lip, spread, abaxial view. F. Lip, three quar- ters view. G. Ovary, column and lip, lateral view. H. Anther cap. I. Pollinia. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis gonzaleziorum Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon Vanishing Beauty. Vol. 2: 855. 2020 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to 60 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 25–40 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with two tubular, short, truncate sheaths to 4 cm long at the base, and a longer, tubular, tightly adpressed, broadly obtuse sheath be- low the middle, to 7–8 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, pale green when young, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous with age. Leaf borne horizontally at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming subpen- dent with age, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, acuminate, 12–17 × 6–8 cm, deeply cordate at the base, grass green, matte. Inflorescence a solitary flower, usually produced singly, rarely in pairs, from a prostrate spathaceous bract 2–3 cm long, brown, dry-papyraceous when mature, eventually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, pale green, 17–22 mm long. Ovary subclavate, ter- ete, 8–9 mm long. Flowers glabrous, solid pale yellow, short-lived (usually 5, rarely to 6 days), opening and closing several times during anthesis. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, 15–19 × 13–16 mm, 9–11-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, obtuse to subacute synsepal, 14–16 × 13–16 mm, 10-veined. Petals narrowly triangular-falcate, acute, 11–12 × 3–4 mm, 3-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, geniculate, peltate, basally truncate with rounded angles, obtuse, 5–6 × 5 mm, conduplicate at the base, the apical margins thickened; glenion deeply recessed between the thickened margins of the hypochile, ca. 1 mm long. Column short, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally compla- nate, ca. 2 × 3 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bi- lobed. Anther cap obtriangular, acute, bilobed at the base, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, narrowly oblong-pyriform, attached to an elliptic viscidium through a short, cylindric caudicule. Eponymy: The name honors Federico González’s family from Bosque de Paz Biological Reserve where the species was found, and who has avidly supported orchid research in the reserve since 2004. Pleurothallis gonzaleziorum is similar to P. cardiothallis, from which it differs in the distinctly triangular lip (vs. peltate), gla- brous on the underside (vs. papillose), with the apical margins non-involute. The general shape of the lip is more similar to that of P. oncoglossa, but in the latter species the lip apex is thickened into a conical callus, bent back as a hook, whereas in P. gonzalezio- rum it is straight and thin. References: Pridgeon, A. P. 2020. Pleurothallis. Pp. 850–909 in: F. Pupulin (ed.). Vanishing Beauty. Native Costa Rican Orchids. Vol. 2: Lacaena– Pteroglossa. Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg. TEXT by F. Pupulin & M. Díaz-Morales LCDP by M. Díaz-Morales LCDP 72 Type: Costa Rica. Alajuela: Zarcero, Palmira, Bosque de Paz Biological Preserve, growing in the orchid garden, 1534 m. 20 August 2016. M. Díaz 269, N. Belfort & A.P. Karremans (holotype, JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis gonzaleziorum Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth (with three views of the lip). D. Column and lip, lateral view. E, F. Column, three quarters and abaxial views. G. Anther cap and pollinarium. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis grandilingua Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon Vanishing Beauty. Vol. 2: 851. 2020 Plant epiphytic, to 30 cm tall, caespitose. Roots slender, flexu- ous, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter. Ramicauls 11–18 cm long, enclosed by 1–2 tubular, obtuse, tightly adpressed, papyraceous, brown sheaths, the first one basal, ca. 2 cm long, the second inserted in the lower third of the ramicaul, 4–5 cm long. Leaves coriaeous, dark green, paler on the underside, narrowly lanceolate, acute to subacuminate, 9–12 × 2–3 cm, rounded at the conduplicate base, the midvein protruding abaxially into a rounded keel, slightly decurrent on the stem. Inflorescence a single flower, exerted from a narrow triangular, acute, brown, papery, prostrate spathaceous bract 1.5 cm long; peduncle filiform, ca. 2 cm long. Floral bract triangular-ovate, subacute, glumaceous, to 2 mm long. Pedicel terete, 2 cm long. Ovary terete-subclavate, rounded, stout, ca. 2 cm long. Flowers not completely spreading, with the sepals purple-red on a yellowish background, paler between veins, the apex green, the petals purple, marked with green along the margins, the lip uniformly purple, the column dark purple, the anther pink. Dorsal sepal elliptic, acute, with a rounded apicule, 13 × 8 mm, 5-veined. Lateral sepals fused into an ovate, acute, rounded-apiculate, 5-veined sysnepal, 12 × 9 mm, yellow-hyaline at the base. Petals narrowly lanceolate-ligulate, subacuminate, 7–8 × 2 mm, irregu- larly denticulate-erose along the margins, the base thickened into a pad-like callus. Lip subrectangular-subpandurate, convex, with a shallow median groove, 7 × 4 mm, the geniculate base cordi- form, the lateral lobes elliptic, minutely erose, apically slightly inflated-convex, the ipochile transversely hemielliptic, rounded, ca. 1 × 2 mm, provided with a minute apicule and a hemispherical, papillose callus underneath. Column short, thick, dorsiventrally flattened-cylindrical, with a median keel toward the apex, 2 mm long, with the anther apical, bent, and the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap ovate, cucullate, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, pyriform, apically attenuate-recurved, on a rounded viscidium. Etymology: From the Latin grande, “large”, and lingua, “tongue”, in allusion to the large size of the lip in relation to other parts of the flower, uncommon in species of Pleurothallis. Pleurothallis grandilingua is allied to the Costa Rican and western Panamanian endemic P. tonduzii Schltr., from which it can be distinguished by the broader leaves, the mostly purple flowers (vs. the sepals greenish yellow to pink, the petals rose), the narrower synsepal, the ligulate petals (vs. falcate), and the subrectangular, slightly convex lip with the apex extended (vs. sagittate, the apex abruptly bent upwards and then strongly geniculate). References: Pridgeon, A. P. 2020. Pleurothallis. Pp. 850–909 in: F. Pupulin (ed.). Vanishing Beauty. Native Costa Rican Orchids. Vol. 2: Lacaena–Ptero- glossa. Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg. TEXT by F. Pupulin & M. Díaz-Morales LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 73 Type: Costa Rica. San José: Tarrazú, San Lorenzo, ca. 4 km southeast of Santa Marta, road to Bajo Reyes, 1475 m. 20 Novem- ber 2008, flowered in cultivation at Lankester Botanical Garden, 22 July 2016. D. Bogarín 5638, R.L. Dressler, M. Fernández, R. Gómez & R. Trejos (holotype, JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis grandilingua Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth (with three views of the lip). D. Column and lip, lateral view. E, F. Column in three quarters and abaxial views. G. Anther cap and pollinarium. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis navisepala Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz Lankesteriana 17(2): 344. 2017 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to 25 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 15–23 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with two tubular, short, obtuse sheaths to 15 mm long at the base, and a longer, tubular, tightly adpressed, subobtuse to truncate sheath below the middle, to 4 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, pale green when young, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous with age. Leaf borne horizontally at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming curved-subpendent with age, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, narrowly acute to acuminate, 5–14 × 3–7 cm, deeply cordate at the base, grass-green, matte. Inflorescence a solitary flower, usu- ally produced singly, rarely in pairs, from a reclined spathaceous bract to 11 mm long, brown, dry-papyraceous when mature, even- tually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, green, 5–8 mm long. Ova- ry terete-subclavate, curved, rounded in section, 5–8 mm long. Flowers not completely spreading, opening and closing several times during anthesis, short-lived (to 5 days), the sepals purple, sparkingly pale reddish and microscopically pubescent-glandulous abaxially, the sysnepal with a large, basal, pale greenish yellow, hyaline blotch, the petals purple, the lip purple-magenta. Dorsal sepal erect, ovate, acute, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, the margins microscopi- cally glandulose, 7–9 veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, obtuse, deeply cymbiform synsepal, the margins microscop- ically glandulose, 5–6 × 6–8 mm when spread, 9–11 veined. Petals narrowly triangular-subfalcate, subsygmoid, acuminate, 4 × 1 mm, porrect, apically incurved, 3–veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, strongly geniculate, peltate, basally truncate with rounded angles, acute, apiculate, infolded, 5–8 × 3–5 mm, strongly conduplicate at the base, the apical margins thickened, inrolled, finely pubescent abaxially; glenion recessed between the thickened margins og the hypochile, ca. 1 mm long, the front of the glenion with a line of short papillae extending to the margins of the lip. Column short, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally com- planate, ca. 1 × 2–3 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap oblong, acute, bilobed at the base, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, narrowly oblong-pyriform, 1 mm long, attached to an elliptic viscidium through a short, cylindric caudicle. Etymology: From the Latin navis, “ship”, and sepala, “sepals”, in reference to the boat-shaped synsepal. Pleurothallis navisepala is similar in habit to medium sized spec- imens of P. cardiothallis, but the flowers easily allow distinction between the two species. The former frequently produces two to four flowers at once, bearing comparatively small flowers that do not spread out completely, provided with a deeply concave-na- vicular synsepal and porrect petals, while in the latter the flowers are produced singly, very rarely in pairs; they are large flowers for the genus, with the margins of the sepals and the petals reflexed at maturity. The size of the peltate lip is very similar between the two species, so that the ratio lip:synsepal is notably greater in P. navisepala, the lip occupying most of the concave synsepal. References: Pupulin, F., M. Díaz-Morales, J. Aguilar & M. Fernández. 2017. Pleu- rothallis. Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidacdeae: Pleurothal- lidinae) allied to P. cardiothallis, with a note on flower activity. Lankes- teriana 17(2): 329–356. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 74 Type: Costa Rica. Alajuela: San Ramón, Ángeles, Balsa, road between San Ramón and La Fortuna de San Carlos, 1150 m. 29 May 2013. F. Pupulin 8435, D. Bogarín, M. Díaz, & M. Fernández (holotype, JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis navisepala Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth flattened. D. Column and lip, lateral view. E. Column, frontal and three quarters wiews. F–G. Pollinarium, three views. H. Anther cap. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis navisepala Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz Lankesteriana 17(2): 344. 2017 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to about 20 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 11–17 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with two tubular, short, obtuse sheaths to 15 mm long at the base, and a longer, tubular, tightly adpressed, subobtuse to truncate sheath below the middle, to 3 cm long, the bracts gluma- ceous, pale green when young, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous with age. Leaf borne horizontally at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming curved-subpendent with age, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, narrowly acute to acuminate, 5–9 × 3–5 cm, deeply cordate at the base, grass-green, matte. Inflorescence a solitary flower, usually 2–4 produced simulateneously, from a reclining spathaceous bract to 10 mm long, brown, dry-papyraceous when mature, eventually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, green, 5–7 mm long. Ovary terete-subclavate, curved, rounded in section, 5–7 mm long. Flowers not completely spreading, with temporal activity, short-lived (to 5 days), uniformly bright yellow. Dorsal sepal erect, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, minutely acute, 7–12 × 6–8 mm, the margins microscopically glandulose, 7–9 veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, obtuse, deeply cymbiform synsepal, the margins microscopically glandulose, 8–10 × 8–10 mm when spread, 9–11 veined. Petals narrowly triangular, asym- metrical-subsygmoid, acuminate, 7 × 2 mm, subporrect, apically incurved, 3-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, strongly geniculate, peltate, basally truncate with rounded-obtuse angles, acute, apiculate, infolded, 6 × 4 mm, strongly conduplicate at the base, the apical margins thickened, inrolled, finely pubes- cent abaxially; glenion recessed between the thickened margins of the hypochile, ca. 1 mm long. Column short, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally complanate, ca. 1 × 2–3 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap triangu- lar-cordate, acute, bilobed at the base, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, nar- rowly oblong-pyriform, 1 mm long, attached to an elliptic-peltate viscidium through a short, cylindrical caudicle. Etymology: From the Latin navis, “ship”, and sepala, “sepals”, in reference to the boat-shaped synsepal. Pleurothallis navisepala is similar to P. cardiothallis, but usually produces two to four flowers at once (vs. flowers produced singly), bearing comparatively small flowers (vs. large) that do not spread out completely (vs. reflexed at maturity), provided with a deeply concave-navicular synsepal and porrect petals. The lip of P. navi- sepala is similar in size to that of P. cardiothallis, but the sysnsepal is much smaller, so that the ratio lip:synsepal is notably greater in the former. As in other species of the P. cardiothallis complex, P. navisepala exhibits two color morphs, one with purple flowers on a greenish white background and another with solid, bright yellow flower, which frequently coexist in the same populations. References: Pupulin, F., M. Díaz-Morales, J. Aguilar & M. Fernández. 2017. Pleu- rothallis. Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidacdeae: Pleurothal- lidinae) allied to P. cardiothallis, with a note on flower activity. Lankes- teriana 17(2): 329–356. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 75 Type: Costa Rica. Alajuela: San Ramón, Ángeles, Balsa, road between San Ramón and La Fortuna de San Carlos, 1150 m. 29 May 2013. F. Pupulin 8435, D. Bogarín, M. Díaz, & M. Fernández (holotype, JBL-spirit). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Alajuela: Ángeles, Reserva Forestal de San Ramón [Reserva Biológica A. M. Brenes], 800– 1000 m. 30 Dec 1991. M. Freiberg s.n. (JBL-spirit; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis navisepala Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth (the lip in ventral, dorsal, lateral, and three quarters views). D. Ovary, column and lip, lateral view. E. Anther cap. F–G. Pollinarium, three views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis oncoglossa Luer Lindleyana 11: 86. 1996 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect, to 38 cm tall. Roots slender, flex- uous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 12–31 cm long, 1–3 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with a tubu- lar, short, truncate sheath, 1.0–2.5 cm long at the base, and a lon- ger, tubular, tightly adpressed, truncate sheath below the middle, to 5–11 cm long, the bracts brown, dry-papyraceous. Leaf borne suberect at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming subpendent with age, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, acuminate, 10.5–14.5 × 4.5–5.5 cm, deeply cordate at the base, matte green. Inflorescence a solitary flower, from a prostrate spathaceous bract 1–2 cm long, brown, dry-papyraceous when mature, eventually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, pale green, ca. 12 mm long. Ovary subclavate, terete, ca. 11.5 mm long. Flowers dark red suffused with pale yel- low on the base of the petals, sepals and lip. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, 15–17 × 12–15 mm, 9-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, obtuse synsepal, 14–16 × 14–16 mm, 9–10 veined. Petals narrowly ovate-falcate, acute, 11–12 × 3–4 mm, 3-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, geniculate, triangular, basally truncate with rounded angles, acute, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, the apex thickened into a conical callus bent into a hook; glenion recessed in the middle of the hypochile, slender, ca. 1 mm long. Column short, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally complanate, ca. 3 × 4 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap cordate, acute, bilobed at the base, bent up at the apex, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, narrowly oblong-pyriform, bent up at the apex, attached to an elliptic viscidium through short, cylindric caudicula. Etymology: From the Greek words ὄγκος (ónkos), “topknot on the masks of classic tragedy”, and γλῶσσᾰ (glôssa), “tongue”, in refer- ence to the callous projection at the apex of the lip. Pleurothallis oncoglossa is similar to P. cardiothallis, from which it differs in the distinctly triangular lip with the apex thickened into a conical callus, bent up as a hook (vs. peltate). Pleurothallis onco- glossa is also similar to P. scotinantha, but in the latter the lip is not hooked, the perianth is solid dark purple instead of dark red on a pale yellow background, and the plants are bigger overall. References: Luer, C. A. 1996. New species in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica. Lindleyana 11: 54–113. Szlachetko, D. L.& Kulak, M. Nouvelles combinaisons dans le genre Zosterophyllanthos Szlachetko & Margónska (Orchidaceae, Pleuroth- allidinae). Richardiana 6: 183–195. TEXT by M. Díaz-Morales LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 76 Synonyms: Acronia oncoglossa (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 166. 2005. Zosterophyllanthos oncoglossus (Luer) Szlach. & Kulak, Richardi- ana 6(4): 191. 2006. Type: Costa Rica. Without collection data, collected by Leon Gli- censtein, flowered in cultivation by P. & A. Jesup in Bristol, CT, 10 Dec 1988, C. Luer 13833 (holotype, MO). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Cartago: Jiménez, Pejibaye, Tucurrique, Bajos del Humo, between the rivers Humo and Vuel- tas, east side of Cerros Duán, 1396 m. 24 November 2008. D. Bogarín 5686, R.L. Dressler, R. Gómez & R. Trejos (JBL; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis oncoglossa Luer. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth (four views of the lip). D. Column and lip, lateral view. E, F. Column, abaxial and adaxial views. G. Anther cap and pollinarium. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis phyllocardia Rchb.f. Beitr. Orchid.-K. C. Amer. 97. 1866 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to 26 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 16–26 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with a tubular, short, truncate sheath to 2.5 cm long at the base, and a longer, tubular, tightly adpressed, obtuse sheath below the middle, to 3.7–4.5 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, pale green when young, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous with age. Leaf borne horizontally at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming subpen- dent with age, coriaceous, sessile, ovate, acute, 9.0–10.5 × 3.5–4.5 cm, deeply cordate at the base, grass-green, matte, becoming dull green with age. Inflorescence a solitary flower, from an erect spathaceous bract 1.4–1.6 cm long, green, dry-papyraceous when mature, eventually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, pale green, bending down throughout anthesis, 13–16 mm long. Ovary subclavate, terete, 4–6 mm long. Flowers solid dark purple. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, minutely papillose on the adaxial surface, reflexed, 13–14 × 5–7 mm, 5-veined. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute synsepal, minutely papillose on the adaxial sur- face, reflexed, 10–13 × 4–5 mm, 5-veined. Petals linear-oblong, subfalcate, acute, bent backward troughout anthesis, the margins ciliate, 8–9 × 1–2 mm, 3-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, geniculate, deltoid, obtuse, 3.5 × 2.5 mm, verrucose on the adaxial surface of the apical half, minutely papillose on the margins and around the glenion; glenion recessed between the elevated edges of hypochile, ca. 1 mm long. Column short, trans- versely subrectangular, dorsiventrally complanate, ca. 2 × 1 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap ob- cordate, truncate, bilobed at the base, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, narrowly oblong-pyriform, attached to an elliptic viscidium through short, cylindric caudiculae. Etymology: From the Greek words φῠ́λλον (phúllon), “leaf ”, and κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (kardíā), “heart”, in reference to the heart-shaped leaves. Pleurothallis phyllocardia is recognized by the glabrous flowers borne from an erect bract with the peduncle and pedicel bent downwards, reclining the flowers toward the leaves, and the linear-oblong petals. The P. phyllocardia group from Costa Rica comprises about ten species that are mainly characterized by the large habit (longer than 15 cm), the inflorescence born from an erect to suberect spathaceous bract and flowers that remain open after reaching complete anthesis until they fade. References: Pupulin, F., Díaz-Morales, M., Fernández, M. & Aguilar, J. 2017. Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Costa Rica in the P. phyllocardia group. Lankesteriana 17(2): 153–164. TEXT by M. Díaz-Morales LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 77 Synonyms: Humboltia phyllocardia (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891. Zosterophyllanthos phyllocardius (Rchb.f.) Szlach. & Marg., Polish Bot. J. 46(2): 120. 2002. Acronia phyllocardia (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 173. 2005. Type: Costa Rica. Desengaño, 31 May 1858, Wendland s.n. (lec- totype, W). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Parque Pittier, June 1995, G. Carnevali s.n. (JBL; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis phyllocardia Rchb.f. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Column and lip (three quarters view), and column (lateral view). E. Lip, adaxial view. F. Anther cap. G. Pollinarium, adaxial, abaxial, and lateral views. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis pudica Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz Lankesteriana 17(2): 154. 2017 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect, up to 27 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 16–26 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, pale green, with two basal, tubular, obtuse sheaths of different sizes, the lower one loose, 12–13 mm long, the upper tightly clasping 15–20 mm long, and a sub-basal, tubular, obtuse, tight sheath ca. 4 cm long, the sheaths dry-papy- raceous, brown. Leaf borne at the apex of the ramicaul, reclinate toward the stem, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, acute, shortly subacuminate, 5–8 × 3–5 cm, deeply cordate at the base, the basal lobes sometimes overlapping, green, matte. Inflorescence with a solitary flower, from an erect, rectangular-clavate, truncate, spathaceous bract 1–2 cm long, glumaceous, green, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous when mature. Pedicel terete, green, to ca. 2 cm long. Ovary terete, curved-geniculate, 6–7 mm long. Flowers spreading, reclined toward the leaf, non-resupinate, the sepals purple-red, the petals and lip dark purple, pubescent-hir- sute adaxially. Dorsal sepal erect, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 9–10 × 4–5 mm, 3-veined, pubescent-tomentose, more densely toward the apex, the trichomes white, translucent. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate, subobtuse synsepal, the margins slightly reflexed, pubescent-tomentose, distinctly shorter than the dorsal sepal, 7 × 4–5 mm, 5-veined. Petals narrowly lanceolate-ligulate, subporrect, angulate-deflexed in the proximal third, acute, ciliate, 7 × 2 mm, 1-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, strongly geniculate, broadly ovate-triangular, basally truncate with obtuse angles, broadly obtuse, minutely apiculate, the margins glan- dulose, the basal margins erect, 2 × 3 mm, covered with coarse papillae at the base; glenion raised on a thick callus on the disk, less than 1 mm long. Column short, stout, transversely subrectan- gular, dorsiventrally complanate, ca. 3 × 3 mm, the anther apical, incumbent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap cucullate, ovate, subcordate, truncate, two-celled. Pollinia two, narrowly ovate-pyr- iform, attached to an elliptic viscidium. Etymology: From the Latin pudicus, “chaste, modest, shamefaced”, in reference to the habit of turning the face of the flower toward the leaf, hiding it from the view of the observer. Pleurothallis pudica is easily recognized among the species of the P. phyllocardia group by the pubescent-hirsute flowers reclinate over the leaf and non-resupinate. Besides this, the flowers of P. pudica can be distinguished from those of P. phyllocardia by the characteristic indumentum of the abaxial surface of the petals, the reflexed margins of the sepals, and the angulate-deflexed shape of the petals. References: Pupulin, F., M. Díaz-Morales, M. Fernández & J. Aguilar. 2017. Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Costa Rica in the P. phyllocardia group. Lankesteriana, 17(2), 153–164. TEXT by F. Pupulin & M. Díaz-Morales LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 78 Type: Costa Rica. San José: Pérez Zeledón, Paramo, Los Ánge- les, along the road to San Gerardo de Dota, mountains to the north of Río División, on a line with the center Los Ángeles, 1700 m. 29 May 2014. A.P. Karremans, G. Meza & L. Oses 6249 (holotype, JBL; isotype, JBL; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis pudica Pupulin, J.Aguilar & M.Díaz. A. Habit. B. Flower (shown in resupinate position to facilitate comparison with other taxa of the group). C. Perianth flatten. D. Ovary, column and lip, lateral and three quarters views. E. Pollinarium, three views. F. Anther cap. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis rectipetala Ames & C.Schweinf. Sched. Orch. 8: 32. 1925 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect, up to 30 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 18–29 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, pale green, with two basal, tubu- lar, obtuse sheaths, 1–2 cm long, and a longer, sub-basal, tubular, obtuse, tight sheath 6–7 cm long, the sheaths dry-papyraceous, brown. Leaf borne at the apex of the ramicaul, horizontal to sub- reclinate toward the stem, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, acute, shortly subacuminate, 11–14 × 4–7 cm, deeply cordate at the base, the basal lobes not overlapping, the margins incurved, green, matte. Inflorescence a solitary flower, born from an erect, oblanceolate, rounded to subtruncate, spathaceous bract to 15 mm long, glumaceous, green, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous when mature. Pedicel terete, green, to ca. 15 cm long, completely hidden within the spathe. Ovary terete, curved, 5 mm long. Flowers spreading-reflexed, the sepals dull brownish purple, the dorsal se- pal fading greeenish yellow towards the margins, the petals purple tinged with yellow apically, the lip purple, the column white. Dor- sal sepal erect, broadly elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, 6–7 × 4 mm, the margins reflexed, five-veined. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate, subobtuse, apically subexcise synsepal, the margins reflexed, 12 × 8 mm, each half of the synsepal four-veined. Petals linear-lan- ceolate to linear-oblong, acute, minutely apiculate, denticulate in the distal third, reflexed at maturity, 5–6 × 2 mm, single–veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, thick and fleshy, ovate-peltate, basally truncate with obtuse angles, obtuse-rounded, the sides smooth, 3 × 2 mm, densely papillose throughout, the papillae coarser at the base; glenion raised on a thick, velutine cal- lus on the labellar base, less than 1 mm long. Column short, stout, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally complanate, with a short foot, ca. 2 × 2 mm, the anther apical, incumbent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap cucullate, ovate, subcordate, subtrun- cate, two-celled. Pollinia two, narrowly ovate, apically attenuate, attached to an elliptical viscidium. Etymology: From the Latin rectus, “straight”, in reference to the shape of the petals. Pleurothallis rectipetala can be distinguished by the combination of the comparatively large, cordate leaves, the erect spathe with the flowers barely exerted from it, the dull purple flowers with linear-oblong, reflexed petals and the very thick, ovate-peltate lip. It is most similar to P. radula, which has yellow flowers and a irregularly crestate lip, and to P. luna-crescens, which has a cres- cent-shaped flower with much longer, narrower petals. References: Ames, O. & C. Schweinfurth. 1925. New or noteworthy species of orchids from the American tropics. Schedulae Orchidianae 8: 1–91. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 79 Synonyms: Acronia rectipetala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer, Mono- gr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 180. 2005. Zosterophyllanthos rectipetalus (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Szlach. & Kulak, Richardiana 6: 192. 2006. Type: Costa Rica. [Cartago:] Cachi, cultivated at Cartago and flow- ered in Jun 1924, C. H. Lankester 915 (holotype, AMES). Illustrated specimen: Costa Rica. Cartago: Jiménez, Pejibaye, Tucurrique, Bajos del Humo, between Humo and Vueltas rivers, eastern slope of Cerros Duán, 1396 m. 24 Nov 2008. D. Bogarin 5743, R.L. Dressler, R. Gómez & R. Trejos (JBL; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis rectipetala Ames & C.Schweinf. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Lip, adaxial view. E. Lip, three quarters view. F. Ovary, column and lip, lateral view. G. Column, ventral and lateral views. H. Pollinarium, three views. I. Anther cap. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis scotinantha Pupulin, M.Díaz & J.Aguilar Lankesteriana 17(2): 337. 2017 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to 50 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, 1–2 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 29–43 cm long, 2–4 mm in diameter, yellowish green, provided with a tubular, short, truncate sheath to 3–4 cm long at the base, and a longer, tubular, tightly adpressed, truncate sheath below the middle, to 4–6 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, pale green when young, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous with age. Leaf borne horizontally at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming subpendent with age, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, acute to acumi- nate, 16–19 × 7–8 cm, deeply cordate, forming two slightly imbri- cate lobes at the base, grass-green, matte. Inflorescence a solitary flower, usually produced singly, rarely in pairs, from a reclined spathaceous bract 10–15 mm long, brown, dry-papyraceous when mature, eventually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, pale green, 22–26 mm long. Ovary clavate, rounded in section, 4–8 mm long. Flowers solid dark purple with pale yellow tips on sepals, petals and lip, opening and closing several times during anthesis, short-lived (usually 5, rarely to 6 days). Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, subacute, 14–18 × 11–19 mm, 9–11-veined. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate-subrounded, subacute synsepal, 11-20 × 15- 20 mm, 9–11-veined. Petals subfalcate, acute, 11–14 × 2–4 mm, 3–5-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, triangu- lar, basally truncate with rounded angles, acuminate, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, strongly conduplicate at the base, apex with the margin finely pubescent; glenion deeply recessed between the margins of the hypochile, ca. 1 mm long. Column short, transversely subrectan- gular, dorsiventrally complanate, ca. 1 × 4 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap obtriangular, acute, bilobed at the base, 2-celled. Pollinia two, narrowly oblong-pyri- form, attached to an elliptic viscidium through a short, cylindric caudicle. Etymology: From the Greek words σκοτεινός (skotinós), “dark”, and άνθος (ánthos), “flower”, in reference to the solid, dark-purple flower of the species, uncommon in this group. In outline, the lip of P. scotinantha is triangular, similar to that of P. oncoglossa, and as in P. oncoglossa the flower is fully spread in the late morning and early afternoon. The dark purple, black- ish, glossy color of the flower, the triangular, flat, dark purple lip fading into a small white region towards the apex, whitish on the underside, are, however, useful characters to distinguish it from P. oncoglossa, which has light purple-red flowers on a greenish yellow background, the sepals fading yellow-green toward the base, and a characteristic, callose hook at the apex of the lip. References: Pupulin, F., M. Díaz-Morales, J. Aguilar & M. Fernández. 2017. Pleu- rothallis. Two new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidacdeae: Pleurothal- lidinae) allied to P. cardiothallis, with a note on flower activity. Lankes- teriana 17: 329–356. TEXT by F. Pupulin LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 80 Type: Costa Rica. San José: Pérez Zeledón, Cajón, Montecarlo, 3.5 km northeast of Montecarlo, margins of Río Peña Blanquita, 1261 m. 28 Jul. 2009. D. Bogarín 7355 & F. Pupulin (holotype, JBL; isotype, JBL; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis scotinantha Pupulin, M.Díaz & J.Aguilar. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth. D. Lip, adaxial view. E. Column and lip, lateral view. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis tapantiensis Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon Vanishing Beauty. Vol. 2: 853. 2020 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect to suberect, to 23 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 15–22 cm long, yellowish green, provided with two basal, tubu- lar, obtuse sheaths 1.7–6.0 cm long, the bracts glumaceous, pale green with minute purple warts when young, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous with age. Leaf borne horizontally at the apex of the ramicaul, becoming curved-subpendent with age, thinly coriaceous, flexible, sessile, ovate, narrowly acute, acuminate, 7–12 × 4–6 cm, deeply cordate at the base, grass-green, matte. Inflores- cence a solitary flower, from a reclined, rectangular, acute, spatha- ceous bract to 2 cm long, brown, dry-papyraceous when mature, eventually dissolving with age. Pedicel terete, green, 8-12 mm long. Ovary terete-subclavate, curved, rounded in section, 3–5 mm long. Flowers spreading, becoming partially reflex with age, short-lived (to 5 days), opening and closing several times during anthesis, solid purple. Dorsal sepal erect, ovate, obtuse, 10–11 × 7–8 mm, 7–9-veined, the lateral margins reflexed. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate, obtuse synsepal, 9–10 × 8–9 mm when spread, 9–11-veined, the margins reflexed at maturity. Petals narrowly triangular-subfalcate, acute, 6–7 × 1 mm, 3–veined, reflexed. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, peltate, ba- sally truncate with rounded angles, obtuse, with the apex slightly infolded, 6–7 × 3.0–3.5 mm, conduplicate at the base, the apical margins thickened; glenion recessed between the thickened area between the margins of the hypochile, ca. 1 mm long. Column short, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally complanate, ca. 1 × 2–3 mm, the anther apical, bent, the stigma apical, bilobed. An- ther cap obtriangular, acute, bilobed at the base, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, narrowly oblong-pyriform, attached to an elliptic viscidium through a short, cylindric caudiculae. Etymology: Named after the Tapantí National Park, in the north- ern region of the Cordillera de Talamanca where the species was originally found. In the indigenous Cabécar language, the word tapantí has several meanings, mostly related to water: “clear water”, “a zone of many waters”, “torrent from the heavens”. Among the species of Pleurothallis close to P. cardiothallis pro- vided with a peltate lip, P. tapantiensis may be easily recognized by the lip that is glabrous and uniformly purple underneath (vs. papillose, whitish), with the apical margins straight (vs. involute, forming a pseudoapicule), provided for all its length with thin, irregular, transverse grooves. As most other species in this group, the flowers of P. tapantiensis change in openness diurnally, open- ing early in the morning, and usually remaining fully spread until noon, when the petals incurve and the lateral sepals lose turgor and fold over each other. The process repeats for 4 to 5 days, after which the flower fades. References: Pridgeon, A. P. 2020. Pleurothallis. Pp. 850–909 in: F. Pupulin (ed.). Vanishing Beauty. Native Costa Rican Orchids. Vol. 2: Lacaena–Ptero- glossa. Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg. TEXT by F. Pupulin & M. Díaz-Morales LCDP by F. Pupulin LCDP 81 Type: Costa Rica. Cartago: Paraíso, Orosi, Tapantí, Tapantí Na- tional Park, Oropéndola trail, shores of Río Grande de Orosi, 1376 m. 11 December 2014. D. Bogarín 11273, M. Fernández, L. Taylor & J. Sharma (holotype, JBL; LCDP voucher). LCDP: Pleurothallis tapantiensis Pupulin, M.Díaz & Pridgeon. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Perianth (three views of the lip). D. Column and lip, lateral view. E, F. Column in three quarters and abaxial views. G. Anther cap and pollinarium. SPECIES ORCHIDACEARUM - ICONES COSTARICENSES Species Orchidacearum 6 - Icones Costaricensis 1&2 Pleurothallis tonduzii Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 36(3): 397. 1918 Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect, up to 23 cm tall. Roots slender, flexuous, 1–2 mm in diameter. Ramicauls terete, slender, 4–10 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, dark green, with 1–3 basal, tubular, ob- tuse sheaths, the lowest ones much shorter, 1–5 cm long, dry-pa- pyraceous, brown when mature. Leaf borne at the apex of the ram- icaul, erect, slightly arched towards the apex, coriaceous, flexible, sessile, narrowly-elliptic, acute, 5–13 × 1–2 cm, obtuse at the base, the basal margins suberect, the magin flat, dark green. Inflores- cence a successive, solitary flower, subtended by a bract ca. 1 mm long, green, becoming brown, dry-papyraceous when mature. Pedicel terete, green, 13 cm long. Ovary terete, curved, 7 mm long. Flowers spreading-inflexed, the sepals yellow, stained light purple, the dorsal sepal adaxially brownish and abaxially vinaceous along veins, the petals vinaceous, the lip dark fuchsia, lustrous, the column light fuchsia. Dorsal sepal arched, concave, ovate, acute, 15 × 8 mm, the margins inflexed, seven-veined. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate, acute, synsepal, the margins inflexed, 12–13 × 9 mm, each half four-veined. Petals narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, divergent, apically somewhat inflexed at maturity, 9 × 2 mm, one-veined. Lip unguiculate, hinged to the column foot, thick, fleshy, almost porrect, pandurate, basally truncate with rounded angles, abruptly recurved on the apical third, subacute, the sides denticulate, revolute on the distal half, when spread out 7 × 5 mm, minutely verrucose; glenion raised on a minute, dull callus on the disk, less than 1 mm long. Column short, stout, transversely subrectangular, dorsiventrally compla- nate, with a thick foot ca. 1 mn long, 2 × 2 mm, the anther apical, the stigma apical, bilobed. Anther cap cucullate, ovate, subtrun- cate, truncate, two-celled, 0.95 × 0.75 mm. Pollinia two, claviform, 1.0 × 0.35 mm, attached to a globose viscidium. Eponymy: Named after the Swiss botanist Adolphe Tonduz, who discovered the species. Pleurothallis tonduzii can be distinguished by the combination of long, narrow, erect leaves, apically arched, the dark fuchsia, pandurate, verrucose lip, almost porrect, abruptly recurved on the apical third, and the sides revolute on the distal half. It is similar to Pleurothallis telamon Luer