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Rapid Determination of the ‘Legal Highs’ 4-MMC and 4-MEC by Spectroelectrochemistry: Simultaneous Cyclic Voltammetry and In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
dc.creator | González Hernández, Jerson | |
dc.creator | Ott, Colby Edward | |
dc.creator | Arcos Martínez, María Julia | |
dc.creator | Colina, Álvaro | |
dc.creator | Heras, Aránzazu | |
dc.creator | Alvarado Gámez, Ana Lorena | |
dc.creator | Urcuyo Solórzano, Roberto | |
dc.creator | Arroyo Mora, Luis E. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-08-08T15:37:33Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-08-08T15:37:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-12-31 | |
dc.identifier.citation | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/295 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.issn | 1424-8220 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10669/87135 | |
dc.description.abstract | The synthetic cathinones mephedrone (4-MMC) and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC) are two designer drugs that represent the rise and fall effect of this drug category within the stimulants market and are still available in several countries around the world. As a result, the qualitative and quantitative determination of ‘legal highs’, and their mixtures, are of great interest. This work explores for the first time the spectroelectrochemical response of these substances by coupling cyclic voltammetry (CV) with Raman spectroscopy in a portable instrument. It was found that the stimulants exhibit a voltammetric response on a gold screen-printed electrode while the surface is simultaneously electro-activated to achieve a periodic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate with high reproducibility. The proposed method enables a rapid and reliable determination in which both substances can be selectively analyzed through the oxidation waves of the molecules and the characteristic bands of the electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) spectra. The feasibility and applicability of the method were assessed in simulated seized drug samples and spiked synthetic urine. This time-resolved spectroelectrochemical technique provides a cost-effective and user-friendly tool for onsite screening of synthetic stimulants in matrices with low concentration analytes for forensic applications. | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Universidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa Rica | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones//MICITT/Costa Rica | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.source | Sensors; Vol. 22 Núm. 1: 2022 | es_ES |
dc.subject | Spectroelectrochemistry | es_ES |
dc.subject | Synthetic cathinones | es_ES |
dc.subject | Raman SERS | es_ES |
dc.subject | 4-MMC | es_ES |
dc.subject | 4-MEC | es_ES |
dc.title | Rapid Determination of the ‘Legal Highs’ 4-MMC and 4-MEC by Spectroelectrochemistry: Simultaneous Cyclic Voltammetry and In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy | es_ES |
dc.type | artículo original | es_ES |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/s22010295 | |
dc.description.procedence | UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ) | es_ES |
dc.description.procedence | UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Química | es_ES |
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