Tolerance and biological removal of fungicides by Trichoderma species isolated from the endosphere of wild Rubiaceae plants
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Date
2022-02-03Author
Escudero Leyva, Efraín
Alfaro Vargas, Pamela
Muñoz Arrieta, Rodrigo
Charpentier Alfaro, Camila
Granados Montero, María del Milagro
Valverde Madrigal, Katherine S.
Pérez Villanueva, Marta Eugenia
Méndez Rivera, Michael
Rodríguez Rodríguez, Carlos E.
Chaverri Echandi, Priscila
Mora Villalobos, José Anibal
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Show full item recordAbstract
The transition from conventional to organic agriculture is often challenged by the
adaptation of biological control agents to environments heavily exposed to agrochemical
pollutants. We studied Trichoderma species isolated from living leaf tissues of wild
Rubiacaeae (coffee family) plants to determine their fungicide tolerance and potential
for bioremoval. First, we assessed the in vitro tolerance to fungicides of four Trichoderma
isolates (Trichoderma rifaii T1, T. aff. crassum T2, T. aff. atroviride T3, and T. aff.
strigosellum T4) by placing mycelial plugs onto solid media supplemented with seven
different systemic and non-systemic fungicides. After a week, most of the fungicides did
not significantly inhibit the growth of the isolates, except in the case of cyproconazole,
where the only isolate able to grow was T1; however, the colony morphology was
affected by the presence of fungicides. Second, biological removal potential was
established for selected isolates. For this experiment, the isolates T1, T2, and T4
were independently inoculated into liquid media with the fungicides azoxystrobin,
chlorothalonil, cyproconazole, and trifloxystrobin. After 14 days of incubation, a removal
of up to 89% was achieved for chlorothalonil, 46.4% for cyproconazole, and 33.1%
for trifloxystrobin using viable biomass. In the case of azoxystrobin, the highest
removal (82.2%) occurred by adsorption to fungal biomass. Ecotoxicological tests in
Daphnia magna revealed that T1 has the highest removal potential, achieving significant
elimination of every fungicide, while simultaneously detoxifying the aqueous matrix
(except in the case of cyproconazole). Isolate T4 also exhibited an intermediate efficiency,
while isolate T2 was unable to detoxify the matrix in most cases. The removal and
detoxification of cyproconazole failed with all the isolates. These findings suggest
that endosphere of wild plants could be an attractive guild to find new Trichoderma
species with promising bioremediation capabilities. In addition, the results demonstrate
that attention should be placed when combining certain types of agrochemicals with
antagonistic fungi in Integrated Pest and Disease Management strategies or when
transitioning to organic agriculture.
External link to the item
10.3389/fagro.2021.772170Collections
- Agronomía [1485]