Salt/Sodium Intake Estimation in children and adolescents of Costa Rica
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2020Autor
Núñez Rivas, Hilda Patricia
Holst Schumacher, Ileana
Blanco Metzler, Adriana
Montero Campos, María de los Ángeles
Campos Saborío, Natalia
Benavides Aguilar, Karla
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The objectives of this study were to estimate sodium intake and to identify
the main dietary sources of this nutrient in young people. Cross-sectional
study performed in 2685 students from 64 schools and high-schools of Costa
Rica. A food frequency survey was applied to study the food and beverage intake
habits of the participants. The average daily sodium intake for children
and adolescents 7 to 18 years of age was 3214 mg. Around 97% of the students
had sodium intakes > 2300 mg per day with significant differences by
age subgroup, sex and nutritional status due to excess body weight (p <
0.001). The average sodium density of the diet was 1698 mg sodium/1000kcal,
and the average addition of salt to the food was 445 mg of sodium (1.1 grams
of salt). Including the amount added to the served food, the average sodium
intake for children and adolescents from 7 to 18 years of age increased to
3434 mg and the overall average sodium density increased to 1821 mg of sodium/
1000kcal, maintaining significant differences by age subgroups (p <
0.001). These results justify carrying out social marketing campaigns that include
educational processes with sense and meaning for children, adolescents
and families, in such a way that these groups of the population become motivated
to modify gradually their eating habits, such as reducing the use of
sauces, seasonings and salt in food preparation and at the table. If the habit of
adding salt to the served food is gradually reduced or avoided, the children
and adolescents in Costa Rica could decrease the intake of salt per day from 1
to 2 grams. This decrease could be even more effective if youngsters additionally
would remove the intake of sauces, contributing in this way to achieve the
maximum salt intake recommendation (5 g per day).
External link to the item
10.4236/fns.2020.1110065Colecciones
- Microbiología [1171]