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Skeletal muscle necrosis induced by a phospholipase A2 isolated from the venom of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus.
(1987)1. The venom of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus was fractionated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and an acidic myotoxic phospholipase A2 was purified to homogeneity. 2. After ... -
Skin Pathology Induced by Snake Venom Metalloproteinase: Acute Damage, Revascularization, and Re-epithelization in a Mouse Ear Model
(2008-10)Viperid snakebite envenomation induces blistering and dermonecrosis. The pathological alterations induced by a snake venom metalloproteinase in the skin were investigated in a mouse ear model. Metalloproteinase BaP1, from ... -
Snake population venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops atrox: Paedomorphism along its transamazonian dispersal and implications of geographic venom variability on snakebite management
(2011-04-11)We describe two geographically differentiated venom phenotypes across the wide distribution range of Bothrops atrox, from the Colombian Magdalena Medio Valley through Puerto Ayacucho and El Paují, in the Venezuelan States ... -
Snake venom components enhance pain upon subcutaneous injection: an initial examination of spinal cord mediators
(2004-09)Snakebites are a relevant public health problem in Central and South America. Snake bite envenomations cause intense pain, not relieved by anti-venom. The fangs of many species are short, causing subcutaneous injection. ... -
Snake venom Lys49 myotoxins: from phospholipases A2 to non-enzymatic membrane disruptors
(2012-09)Snake venoms often contain toxins that cause a rapid necrosis of skeletal muscle fibers, referred to as myotoxins. The most common among them are phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), enzymes that have two independent evolutionary ... -
Snake venom metalloproteinases: structure/function relationships studies using monoclonal antibodies
(2003-12)Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are synthesized as zymogens and undergo proteolytic processing resulting in a variety of multifunctional proteins. Jararhagin is a P-III SVMP, isolated from the venom of Bothrops ... -
Snake venom metalloproteinases: Their role in the pathogenesis of local tissue damage
(2000-09-10)The biochemical characteristics of hemorrhagic metalloproteinases isolated from snake venoms are reviewed, together with their role in the pathogenesis of the local tissue damage characteristic of crotaline and viperine ... -
Snake venom phospholipase A2s (Asp49 and Lys49) induce mechanical allodynia upon peri-sciatic administration: involvement of spinal cord glia, proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide
(2004-03)Snakebites constitute a serious public health problem in Central and South America, where species of the lancehead pit vipers (genus Bothrops) cause the majority of accidents. Bothrops envenomations are very painful, and ... -
Snake venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops atrox venoms from Colombia and the Amazon regions of Brazil, Perú and Ecuador suggest the occurrence of geographic variation of venom phenotype by a trend towards paedomorphism
(2009-11-02)The venom proteomes of Bothrops atrox from Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Perú were characterized using venomic and antivenomic strategies. Our results evidence the existence of two geographically differentiated venom ... -
Snake venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops colombiensis, a medically important pitviper of the Bothrops atrox-asper complex endemic to Venezuela: Contributing to its taxonomy and snakebite management
(2009-03-06)The taxonomic status of the medically important pitviper of the Bothrops atrox-asper complex endemic to Venezuela, which has been classified as Bothrops colombiensis, remains incertae cedis. To help resolving this question, ... -
Snake venomics and antivenomics of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Viridovipera stejnegeri from Taiwan: Keys to understand the variable immune response in horses
(2012-10-22)The proteomes of the venoms of the snakes Viridovipera stejnegeri and Protobothrops mucrosquamatus from Taiwan were characterized by N-terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting, and collision-induced dissociation ... -
Snake Venomics and Antivenomics of the Arboreal Neotropical Pitvipers Bothriechis lateralis and Bothriechis schlegelii
(2008-04-30)We report the comparative proteomic characterization of the venoms of two related neotropical arboreal pitvipers from Costa Rica of the genus Bothriechis, B. lateralis (side-striped palm pit viper) and B. schlegelii (eyelash ... -
Snake venomics and antivenomics: Proteomic tools in the design and control of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming
(2009-03-06)Snakebite envenoming represents a neglected tropical disease that has a heavy public health impact, particularly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. A global initiative, aimed at increasing antivenom production and ... -
Snake venomics and toxicological profiling of the arboreal pitviper Bothriechis supraciliaris from Costa Rica
(2012-04)The genus Bothriechis comprises a lineage of nine species of Neotropical pitvipers distributed mainly in highlands across Middle America, all adapted to arboreal habitats. Bothriechis supraciliaris is a relatively recently ... -
Snake Venomics of African Spitting Cobras: Toxin Composition and Assessment of Congeneric Cross-Reactivity of the Pan-African EchiTAb-Plus-ICP Antivenom by Antivenomics and Neutralization Approaches
(2011)Venomic analysis of the venoms of Naja nigricollis, N. katiensis, N. nubiae, N. mossambica, and N. pallida revealed similar compositional trends. The high content of cytotoxins and PLA2s may account for the extensive tissue ... -
Snake venomics of Bothriechis nigroviridis reveals extreme variability among palm pitviper venoms: different evolutionary solutions for the same trophic purpose
(2010)We report the proteomic characterization and biological activities of the venom of the black-speckled palm pitviper, Bothriechis nigroviridis, a neotropical arboreal pitviper from Costa Rica. In marked contrast to other ... -
Snake Venomics of Central American Pitvipers: Clues for Rationalizing the Distinct Envenomation Profiles of Atropoides nummifer and Atropoides picadoi
(2008)We report the proteomic characterization of the Central American pitvipers Atropoides nummifer and Atropoides picadoi. The crude venoms were fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ... -
Snake venomics of crotalus tigris: the minimalist toxin arsenal of the deadliest neartic rattlesnake venom: evolutionary clues for generating a pan-specific antivenom against crotalid type II venoms
(Journal of Proteome Research 11(2): 1382–1390, 2012-02-03)We report the proteomic and antivenomic characterization of Crotalus tigris venom. This venom exhibits the highest lethality for mice among rattlesnakes and the simplest toxin proteome reported to date. The venom proteome ... -
Snake venomics of Lachesis muta rhombeata and genus-wide antivenomics assessment of the paraspecific immunoreactivity of two antivenoms evidence the high compositional and immunological conservation across Lachesis
(2013-08-26)We report the proteomic analysis of the Atlantic bushmaster, Lachesis muta rhombeata, from Brazil. Along with previous characterization of the venom proteomes of L. stenophrys (Costa Rica), L. melanocephala (Costa Rica), ... -
Snake venomics of Micrurus alleni and Micrurus mosquitensis from the Caribbean region of Costa Rica reveals two divergent compositional patterns in New World elapids
(2015-12-01)Protein composition, toxicity, and neutralization of the venoms of Micrurus alleni and Micrurus mosquitensis, two sympatric monadal coral snakes found in humid environments of the Caribbean region of Costa Rica, were ...