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Ítem A Gesture-Based Interaction Approach for Manipulating Augmented Objects Using Leap Motion(2015-11) López Herrera, Gustavo; Quesada Quirós, Luis; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoAmbient Intelligence and Ubiquitous Computing are carrying the world to a reality where almost every object interacts with the environment, either via sensors or actuators, and users must learn how to interact with such systems. This paper presents a gesture-based interaction approach to manipulate such objects. We developed a prototype using a leap motion controller as a hand-tracking device, and a Support Vector Machine as a classifier to distinguish between gestures. Our system was evaluated by 12 users with over 10 commands. We also show a review on gesture-based interaction and compare other proposals with ours.Ítem Alexa vs. Siri vs. Cortana vs. Google Assistant: A Comparison of Speech-Based Natural User Interfaces(2017-07-17) López Herrera, Gustavo; Quesada Quirós, Luis; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoNatural User Interfaces (NUI) are supposed to be used by humans in a very logic way. However, the run to deploy Speech-based NUIs by the industry has had a large impact on the naturality of such interfaces. This paper presents a usability test of the most prestigious and internationally used Speech-based NUI (i.e., Alexa, Siri, Cortana and Google’s). A comparison of the services that each one provides was also performed considering: access to music services, agenda, news, weather, To-Do lists and maps or directions, among others. The test was design by two Human Computer Interaction experts and executed by eight persons. Results show that even though there are many services available, there is a lot to do to improve the usability of these systems. Specially focused on separating the traditional use of computers (based on applications that require parameters to function) and to get closer to real NUIs.Ítem An experience with a de-identifying task to inform about privacy issues(2016) Esquivel Quirós, Luis Gustavo; Barrantes Sliesarieva, Elena GabrielaPeople tend to value their privacy, but are usually unaware about the extent to which their personal information is exposed through ordinary data available online. In this paper we describe an experience in which a group of students worked to identify a group of people from partial data that had been stripped of any direct identifiers, such as name or identification number. The students were successful in the assigned task, and as an indirect consequence, there was an increase of interest in the topic of privacy. With the partial evidence collected from this case, we argue that a hands-on, exercise-solving approach could be adapted to communicate privacy issues more effectivelyÍtem Applying a Verification Protocol to Evaluate the Accuracy of Functional Size Measurement Procedures: An Empirical Approach(2016-01-05) Quesada López, Christian Ulises; Jenkins Coronas, MarceloThis paper presents a verification protocol for analyzing the source of inaccuracy in measurement activities of Function Points Analysis (FPA) and Automated Function Point (AFP). An empirical study was conducted with the protocol to determine the accuracy of FPA and AFP, and common differences during their application. The empirical study was conducted and differences between the measurement process regarding accuracy, reproducibility, and protocol adoption properties were reported. Effectiveness of the verification protocol to evaluate functional size measurement procedures was provided. The application of the protocol enabled participants to identify differences and their causes between counting results in a systematic way. Many participants had a favorable opinion regarding the usefulness of the protocol, and most of them agreed that the application of this protocol improved their understanding of measurement methods.Ítem Defining ‘Architecture’ for Software Engineering – A Review of Terminology(2017-06-11) Guzmán Benavides, Julio César; López Herrera, Gustavo; Pacheco Hernández, AlexiaThere are many terms used in the industry that relate to similar topics. Architecture is one of them. In many companies, representatives develop Information Architectures even though this term was conceptualized to be used in the domains of Information Systems or Information Technology. Moreover, different consultant agencies, consortia or working groups create standards or guidelines that sometimes use these concepts interchangeably. In this paper, we want to provide a comprehensible definition of the most common (Architecture-related) concepts used by members of the information technology community into non-software development companies. In addition, a literature review is also conducted to determine the academic use of these terms, and a website based review is conducted to gather the most common definitions provided in articles that do not undergo peer reviews.Ítem Design and Evaluation of a Personalized Cancer Treatment System using Human-Computer Interaction Techniques(2016) Martínez Porras, Alexandra; Mora Rodríguez, Rodrigo Antonio; López Herrera, Gustavo; Bolaños Araya, Constantino; Alvarado González, Daniel; Solano Portuguez, Andrés; López Quirós, Mariana; Quirós Barrantes, Steve; Báez Astúa, AndrésThis paper presents a case study where Human-Computer Interaction techniques were applied in the design and evaluation of a health system. The system consisted of a software platform that supports personalized cancer chemotherapy based on a tumor chemosensitivity assay. The essential background on personalized cancer treatment is provided. The system was designed using “contextual design,” a usercentered technique that involves contextual inquiry, interpretation, work modeling, consolidation, visioning, storyboarding and paper prototyping. The most salient products from the design phase and details of the system implementation are shown. The system was assessed using the Heuristic Evaluation method, which is a usability inspection performed by experts. Results from this evaluation indicate that only one of ten heuristics was missing from the system, while five were partially covered and four were fully covered.Ítem Designing Tools that Allows Children in the Early Childhood to Program Robots(2017) Ramírez Benavides, Kryscia Daviana; López Herrera, Gustavo; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoThis paper describes the design and evaluation process of two mobile programming assistance tools that allow children in the early childhood to develop programs and execute them using robots. The tools are called TITIBOTS and TITIBOTS Colab which incorporates collaboration. The tools have icon-based interfaces and integrate visual programming, robotics, and mobile devices as one tool. The main issues and lessons learned during the design process are described. The methodology used in this project was User-Centered Design (UCD) process. The tools were developed and evaluated applying participatory-design, experience prototyping, and usability testing. The final product are two simple, intuitive, and easy to use tools, for children between 4 and 6 years old. The results were promising: children liked the applications and were willing to continue using it to program robots for solving specific tasks.Ítem Development and Evaluation of Augmented Object Prototypes for Notifications in Collaborative Writing Environments(2016) Brenes Carranza, José Antonio; López Herrera, Gustavo; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoIn Ubiquitous Computing, augmented objects refer to those elements of the real world which have been provided with computational capabilities to meet a specific need. Meanwhile, Collaborative Writing Environments (CWE) allow groups of people to work together and increase the chances of success and share knowledge when they are working on shared documents. An extremely important aspect in CWEs is notification mechanisms as these are essential to provide users awareness about the collaborative work they are doing. In this paper, we describe a set of augmented objects created to support the notification in CWEs; these objects can improve the way in which the notifications are delivered to users, according to the writing strategy defined by the collaboration team.Ítem e-Ciencia en Costa Rica(Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio: Universidad de Costa Rica, Programa Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento, 2008-04) Córdoba, SarayLa e-ciencia permite al investigador realizar investigación más rápida, diferente y mejor. En este capítulo se realiza un análisis sobre el estado actual de la e-Ciencia en Costa Rica para llegar a algunas conclusiones. Para ello se hizo un repaso de los avances alcanzados en otros países en el mundo desarrollado y en América Latina, de los requisitos que se deben tener en los diferentes países para avanzar en la investigación apoyada por tecnología de punta, de la importancia del acceso abierto y las políticas que deben tender a su fortalecimiento. Algunas conclusiones que se incluyen son: 1. El estado de la e-Ciencia en Costa Rica es incipiente. 2. Existen esfuerzos aislados y ejemplares en las universidades públicas que podrían considerarse como pioneros. 3. No existen políticas nacionales que incentiven su aplicación. 4. Es necesaria la capacitación, la discusión sobre cómo encauzar las acciones futuras y la formación de actitudes positivas hacia su desarrollo.Ítem Exploratory Analysis of Research Publications on Robotics in Costa Rica Main Public Universities(2021) Chaverri Ruiz, Juan Pablo; Vega Vega, Adrián; Ramírez Benavides, Kryscia Daviana; Mora Jiménez, Ariel; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoThe article presents the main robotic trends linked to the publications of the institutional repositories of the five main Costa Rican public universities: Tecnológico de Costa Rica, University of Costa Rica, National University, State Distance University, and National Technical University. The publications were obtained after using the keyword ‘robotics’ in the search engines of each repository. This procedure generated 241 results, of which only 55 were relevant, according to the application of five selection criteria. The analysis of the publications involved the categorization of nine general variables and the counting of their frequencies. The results obtained indicate that the publications cover a period of 14 years, in which male participation predominates and the presence of the Tecnológico de Costa Rica and the University of Costa Rica. The main robotic fields detected correspond to educational, autonomous, and industrial robotics.Ítem NAO as a Copresenter in a Robotics Workshop - Participant’s Feedback on the Engagement Level Achieved with a Robot in the Classroom(2019) Hernández Cedeño, Joseiby; Ramírez Benavides, Kryscia Daviana; Guerrero Blanco, Luis Alberto; Vega Vega, AdriánRobotics, combined with computer science and human-centered studies, can have a substantial impact in areas such as education and innovation. Robots have proven to be a good tool to gain and maintain users’ involvement in different activities. In education, robots can be used as teaching assistants to improve participation, enhance concentration or just to get students’ attention. In this research, we involved an NAO, a humanoid robot, in a workshop presentation with the aim of measuring the impact of this technique on the level of engagement showed by the participants. The robot was programmed to simulate speech and gesticulate while it talked to apply the Wizard of Oz technique.Ítem Object Recognition Using Hierarchical Temporal Memory(2018-02-17) Fallas Moya, Fabián; Torres Rojas, FranciscoAt this time, great effort is being directed toward developing problem-solving technology that mimics human cognitive processes. Research has been done to develop object recognition using Computer Vision for daily tasks such as secure access, traffic management, and robotic behavior. For this research, four different machine learning algorithms have been developed to overcome the computer vision problem of object recognition. Hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) is an emerging technology based on biological methods of the human cortex to learn patterns. This research applied an HTM algorithm to images (video sequences) in order to compare this technique against two others: support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). It was concluded that HTM was the most effective.Ítem Promoting quality e-government solutions by applying a comprehensive information assurance model: use cases for digital signature(2016) Villalón Fonseca, Ricardo; Mora Castro, Alejandro; Bartels González, Rodrigo; Carballo Chavarría, Miguel; Marín Raventós, GabrielaInformation and Communication Technologies, and specifically e-Government developments, occupy a relevant position in the national agenda of many countries worldwide. But development of such projects requires a careful planning, mostly when legal implications are bound to technological systems. This is the case when considering digital signature technology, as an essential element to support trust for e-government services. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive, systemic, and systematic, information assurance process to audit technological solutions for e-government services, and we show examples using digital signature from Costa Rica. Our approach supports applications developed with heterogeneous infrastructure and technologies. It also comprises the entire assurance process, including identification of threats and vulnerabilities, risk analysis, policy definition, and definition of security controls.Ítem Qbo Robot as an Educational Assistant - Participants Feedback on the Engagement Level Achieved with a Robot in the Classroom(2019) Madrigal Acuña, Raúl; Vega Vega, Adrián; Ramírez Benavides, Kryscia DavianaA non-humanoid robot is used to assist in an educational workshop of Quality Assurance and DevOps. The goal of this research was to determine the level of engagement shown by students of computer science in a presentation conducted by a University professor and assisted by a robot. The robot interaction was based on the Wizard of Oz technique. The order of actions between the professor and the robot was scripted and practiced before the workshop. After the workshop, a survey was conducted to assess the students’ perception towards robot’s shape, size, behavior and, performance. The survey also included the Godspeed Questionnaire Series to measure participant’s perception of the robot and its effectiveness as an educational assistant. The results revealed the participants considered the robot featured personalized cognitive skills and exhibited an acceptable integration in the workshop.Ítem Supporting phobia treatment with virtual reality: systematic desensitization using oculus rift(2017) Monge Chacón, José Pablo; López Herrera, Gustavo; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoAn irrational fear is called a phobia. Cognitive therapy teaches patients how to respond to triggering stimuli, by relaxing their mind and entering a state of reduced anxiety. Some of these methods depend on patient’s imagination, since putting them in the situation or the object that triggers the anxiety (airplanes, spiders, public speaking, and dinosaurs) might be difficult. Our project proposes an interactive virtual reality system that enhances both the visual and hearing parts of the therapy, putting the patient in a virtual world where they can learn the proper techniques to learn how to respond to the anxiety triggers. We call our system VRPhobia. A prototype was created and it was evaluated with the aid of Cognitive Psychology therapists. The system takes into account the techniques used by the therapists and the training that the patient goes through. It works as a tool that enhances the therapy process.Ítem Translation and Validation of the AttrakDiff User Experience Questionnaire to Spanish(2023-11-26) López Herrera, Gustavo; Diaz Oreiro, Ignacio; Quesada Quirós, Luis; Ramírez Benavides, Kryscia DavianaThe AttrakDiff questionnaire is a widely used instrument for measuring User Experience. However, a Spanish version of the questionnaire has yet to be validated. This represents a significant limitation, given the importance of the Spanish-speaking community. This study aims to translate and validate AttrakDiff to Spanish. Several techniques for translation were used, and the results were joined in a translation proposal. The translated version was evaluated in two scenarios. First, an evaluation with 200 + participants to assess the translation proposal. Second, an evaluation of three systems to perform a factorial analysis and determine the correlations between questions of the same dimension. The results of this study will contribute to the advancement of UX research and practice in the Spanish-speaking context and provide a valuable tool for practitioners and researchers who work with Spanish-speaking users.Ítem Ubiquitous Notification Mechanism to Provide User Awareness(2016) López Herrera, Gustavo; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoAwareness could be defined as the knowledge that the user has of a particular activity, either individual or collaborative. Good awareness mechanisms provide information to the user at the right time so that s/he can know what is required for her/him to do before s/he is required to do it. Notification mechanisms are a key factor to provide awareness. Ubiquitous technologies can change the paradigm in which notifications are delivered to users. This paper describes the concept and characteristics of awareness, and how researchers have applied different notification mechanisms to provide it. With the lessons learned from 4 project implementations, we propose a service-based plug-and-play framework that models different notification mechanisms that could be used to provide user awareness.Ítem Web accessibility for people with reduced mobility: A case study using eye tracking(2016) Arias Soto, Emmanuel; López Herrera, Gustavo; Quesada Quirós, Luis; Guerrero Blanco, Luis AlbertoTraditional web interfaces often rely on keyboard/mouse input to work. This characteristic forces people with reduced mobility to adapt or do not use the applications at all. This paper proposes a prototype to increase web accessibility for people with reduced mobility. Our prototype proposes an eye gaze based interaction between the user and web browsers displaying a web site (compliant with the web content accessibility guidelines proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium). We implemented a plug-in that adds functionality to allow user navigation, cursor control and text input.