Rhinella yunga, a recently described toad species of the Rhinella margaritifera group (Moravec et al. 2014. Zookeys 37:35–56), is known from the tropical mountains of the Cordillera Yanachaga, Junin Province, Peru. Rhinella ...

The Palo Verde wetland, one of the most important places for aquatic organisms in Costa Rica, is currently recovering from an invasive expansion of Typha domingensis (cattail). A monitoring program was designed to understand ...

In recent decades, theoretical and empirical work has investigated the relative roles of costs and benefits in inhibiting excessive displays of begging to parents. Whether costs are important in maintaining reliability of ...

Parents can benefit from allocating limited resources non randomly among offspring, and offspring solicitation (i.e. begging) is often hypothesized to evolve because it contains information valuable to choosy parents. We ...

Effective coordination of behaviors such as foraging and avoiding predators requires an assessment of cues provided by other organisms. Integrating cues from multiple sensory modalities may enhance the assessment. We studied ...

Despite the benefit of the tympanic middle ear to airborne hearing sensitivity, anurans range in how soon they develop functional middle ears after transitioning to life on land. Previous evi- dence suggested that bufonids ...

Parents in many taxa, including insects, mol- luscs, fish, snakes, and amphibians provision chemical defences, such as peptides, steroids, or alkaloids to their offspring to reduce the risk of predation. In most cases, ...

The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) is a well-studied sexual dimorphism that likely arises as a result of prenatal androgenic effects on homeobox gene expression. This dimorphism has been found to exhibit interesting ...

In June 2014, we captured approximately 100 R. dorsalis tadpoles in a net from a seasonal wetland in Palo Verde National Park (10.3428 N, 85.3375 W) in N, 85.3375 W) in northwestern Costa Rica. While rearing the tadpoles ...

C. fitzingeri was observed in amplexus with a large female R. haematiticus at Sarapiquí, Costa Rica