A insustentável leveza das fronteiras: Clero Católico na Maçonaria e a questão do Anticlericalismo e do Antimaçonismo em Portugal
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The Catholic Church began its long history of public condemnation of Freemasonry on April 28th, 1738, when Pope Clement XII (1730-1740) interdicted Catholics from becoming members of Masonic lodges, through the bull In Eminenti Apostolatus Specula, which pointed out the incompatibility between the vow and secrecy of Masonic obedience and the condition of Christianity in the Roman Catholic Church. The announcement of September 28th, 1738, published in convents and parishes of the kingdom and empire, summarizes the role of the Portuguese Inquisition, in which Catholics living in Portugal were admonished to confess and denounce to the Holy Office the existence of Masonic meetings. The Inquisition also prohibited the participation of Catholics in freemasonry meetings, and ordered bishops, prelates and inquisitors to identify the offenders. Despite these historical facts, this paper intends to show that there are records of the involvement of Catholic priests and bishops in portuguese Freemasonary since the mid eighteenth century