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A Clostridium difficile Lineage Endemic to Costa Rican Hospitals Is Multidrug Resistant by Acquisition of Chromosomal Mutations and Novel Mobile Genetic Elements
(2017-01)
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates and levels recorded for Clostridium difficile are on the rise. This study reports the nature, levels, diversity, and genomic context of the antimicrobial resistance of human C. ...
Emergence of an Outbreak-Associated Clostridium difficile Variant with Increased Virulence
(2015-04)
The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections has increased due to the emergence of epidemic variants from diverse genetic lineages. Here we describe the emergence of a novel variant during an outbreak in a Costa Rican ...
Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in a Brazilian cancer hospital
(2017)
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive spore forming anaerobic bacterium and the main cause of
healthcare-associated diarrhea. This study aimed to perform the phenotypic characterization and molecular typing of Clostridium ...
Predominance and high antibiotic resistance of the emerging Clostridium difficile genotypes NAPCR1 and NAP9 in a Costa Rican hospital over a 2-year period without outbreaks
(2016-05)
Clostridium difficile is the major causative agent of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In a 2009 outbreak of C. difficileassociated diarrhea that was recorded in a major Costa Rican hospital, the hypervirulent ...
Scarce detection of mobile erm genes associated with tetQ in Bacteroides and Parabacteroides from Costa Rica
(2013-06)
The frequency of finding of clindamycin-resistant anaerobic bacteria in clinical samples has doubled from 2008 to 2010 in Costa Rica. To determine whether this increase is due to dissemination of erm genes aided by tetQ ...
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile in a national geriatric hospital in Costa Rica
(2018-08)
Background: the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) is changing rapidly worldwide; knowledge on the genotypes of C. difficile circulating in specialized geriatric hospitals and their resistance to ...
Virulent Brucella nosferati infecting Desmodus rotundus has emerging potential due to the broad foraging range of its bat host for humans and wild and domestic animals
(2023)
Desmodus rotundus, vampire bats, transmit dangerous infections, and brucellosis is a hazardous zoonotic disease, two adversities that coexist in the subtropical and tropical areas of the American continent. Here, we report ...
A MLST Clade 2 Clostridium difficile strain with a variant TcdB induces severe inflammatory and oxidative response associated with mucosal disruption
(2016-08)
The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections is highly dynamic as new strains continue to emerge worldwide. Here we present a detailed analysis of a new C. difficile strain (ICC-45) recovered from a cancer patient ...
Analysis of TcdB Proteins within the Hypervirulent Clade 2 Reveals an Impact of RhoA Glucosylation on Clostridium difficile Proinflammatory Activities
(2016-03)
Clostridium difficile strains within the hypervirulent clade 2 are responsible for nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. The increased
pathogenic potential of these strains has been attributed to several factors but is still ...
Novel Clade C-I Clostridium difficile strains escape diagnostic tests, differ in pathogenicity potential and carry toxins on extrachromosomal elements
(2018)
The population structure of Clostridium difficile currently comprises eight major genomic clades. For the highly divergent C-I clade, only two toxigenic strains have been reported, which lack the tcdA and tcdC genes and ...