Volumen 6, Número 1https://hdl.handle.net/10669/135172024-03-28T10:28:09Z2024-03-28T10:28:09ZComposición de los subproductos de trigo utilizados en la alimentación animal en Costa Ricahttps://hdl.handle.net/10669/135232021-05-04T21:15:54Z2013-06-04T00:00:00ZComposición de los subproductos de trigo utilizados en la alimentación animal en Costa Rica
Composition of wheat by-products used as feed stuffs in Costa Rica. This study was conducted to estimate the nutritional content and their variability of different wheat and bakery by products used as feedstuffs in Costa Rica. Wheat shorts, middlings and brand were studied as well as cookies, crackers and bread. Results clearly indicated that wheat shorts had the highest nutritional value, due to its low fiber and ashes content as well as its high protein, non structural carbohydrates and energy values. Wheat shorts protein levels, NDF, NSC and DE for swine were 79.4;29.7; 45.7% and 3.570 Kcal/kg; for wheat brand values were 18.6; 49.7;24.0% and 2.878 Kcal/kg respectively. Bakery by products (crackers and cookies) showed the highest content of nutrients with high fat levels, NSC and DE for swine (13.1; 77.66% and 4.454 Kcal/kg). The greatest variability in the nutrients content was observed in the ether extracts of the bakery by products. Therefore, it was concluded that all these materials are good nutrient sources for swine, but fiber, fat and energy could vary, indicating that quality control of them should be carefully monitored.
2013-06-04T00:00:00ZInóculos bacterianos: una alternativa para mejorar el proceso fermentativo en los ensilajes tropicaleshttps://hdl.handle.net/10669/135242021-05-04T21:15:54Z2013-06-04T00:00:00ZInóculos bacterianos: una alternativa para mejorar el proceso fermentativo en los ensilajes tropicales
Milk Production systems depend on good quality forages. Silage is a great alternative for storing forages throughout the year. The fermentation process in silage, presents four phases (aerobic, fermentative, stabilization and deterioration). The use of lactic acid producing bacteria, as an additive helps optimizing the fermentation process. Specially when tropical forages are used, due to the lower natural concentration of lactic acid bacteria and fermentable carbohydrates. These additives stimulate fermentation and decrease aerobic deterioration. Forages or other products stored as silage suffer damage and a reduction in its nutritional values as well as risk in pollution. Therefore, increasing stabilization in silage is of great interest of producers for forage conservation.
2013-06-04T00:00:00ZCaracterización de los componentes forrajeros de cuatro asociaciones gramíneas/ Arachis pintoihttps://hdl.handle.net/10669/135222021-05-04T19:48:10Z2013-06-04T00:00:00ZCaracterización de los componentes forrajeros de cuatro asociaciones gramíneas/ Arachis pintoi
The association of the herbaceous legume Arachis pintoi CIAT 17434with tropical grasses has a great potential to improve cattle production in grazing systems. This study was conducted to characterize the nutritional quality of these associations and to obtain useful information to improve the feeding strategies for cattle in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. The experiment was carried out at the La Balsa farm of the lnstituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, located in an area classified as Humid Tropic. Annual average rainfall in the zone is 3062 mm and average temperature is 26,7 C. Eight treatments conformed as a factorial arrangement of four grass/Arachis pintoi CINI 17494 associations and two stocking rates (3,0 and 1,5 A.U.) were evaluated. Grasses under evaluation were Cynodon nlemfuensis, Brachiaria dictyoneura CIAT 6133, Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 6780 and Brachiaria brizantha CIAT 664. Paddocks were grazed every 35 ciays for 5 to 7 days. Composed samples were taken at each grazing cycle and they were analysed for Crude Protein (AOAC 19g4, Neutral Detergent Fiber and Lignin (Van Soest y Robertson 1984), Non-Fiber Carbohydrates (Van Soest et al. 1991). Total Digestible Nutrients were estimated by the model developed by Weiss et al. (7992) and the Digestible and Metabilizable Energy contents by standard NRC (1989) procedures. Crude Protein content was higher (P<0.05) for Arachis pintoi than for the grasses evaluated (average levels were 79.4 and7.8/" respectively). Mean Neutral Detergent Fiber levels in grasses were 73.5: meanwhile in Arachis pintoi were 57.9"/", these values were significantly different (P<0.05 Lignin content was higher (P<0.05) in Arachis pintoi than in the grasses with which this legume was associated, mean values were 10.6 and 6.5% respectively. Arachis pintoi showed a mean value of Non-Fiber Carbohydrates of 28.9% which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the level of 11.4% obtain for the grasses. Energy levels were higher (P<0.05) in the legume than in the grasses. Total Digestible Nutrients were 51.1 and 48.7%. Digestible Energy 2.25 and 2.15 Mcal/kg of DM. Metabolizable Energy 1.83 and 1.72 Mcal/kg of DM for Arachis pintoi and for the grasses with which the legume was associated, respectively, Arachis pintoi increases Crude Protein. Non-Fiber Carbohydrates and Energy contents of the legumegrass associations. This has important implications for cattle production based on grazing, since these are the most limiting nutrients in production systems based on tropical pastures.
2013-06-04T00:00:00ZUtilización del pejibaye (Bactris Gasipaes) en la alimentación animalhttps://hdl.handle.net/10669/135212021-05-04T21:15:52Z2013-06-04T00:00:00ZUtilización del pejibaye (Bactris Gasipaes) en la alimentación animal
Partial or total substitution of corn and sorghum by pejibaye meal was evaluated in broilers, pullets, laying hens, geese, pigs and cattle; the meal was obtained from the processing of the whole fruit. Satisfactory results were obtained with pejibaye meal among the species evaluated. Even with a total substitution for maize or sorghum, values in feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion were positive. The meal manufacturing process must utilize proper thermal treatment (over 100.C for 20 min) of the fruit by cooking or by extrusion, to obtain the best meal, non thermal treated meals caused low feed consumption and poor feed conversion, due to the presence of inhibiting proteolytic factors, affecting primarily young individuals. Fiber levels in the diet must be controlled, due to an increase in the amount of fibrous parts of the brunch can affect it. If fiber and grinding are controlled, pejibaye meal can totally substitute com and sorghum in animal diets. This is an important issue if it is taken into account that must of feed stuffs are imported.
2013-06-04T00:00:00Z