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Memory, Emotion, and Quality of Life in Patients with Long COVID-19
(2023-12-01) Espinar Herranz, Katrina; Delgado Lima, Alice; Sequeira Villatoro, Beatriz; Marín Garaboa, Esther; Silva Gómez, Valeria; González Vides, Leonela Isarina; Bouhaben, Jaime; Delgado Losada, María Luisa
1) Background: Persistent COVID is characterized by the presence of fatigue, mental fog, and sleep problems, among others. We aimed to study cognitive abilities (attention, executive functions, memory, language) and psychological and emotional factors in a group of participants of the population with persistent COVID-19 and asymptomatic or non-COVID-19-infected patients; (2) Methods: A total of 86 participants aged 18 to 66 years (X = 46.76) took part in the study, with 57 individuals (66.27%) in the experimental group and 29 (33.73%) in the control group. A comprehensive assessment included neuropsychological evaluations, evaluations of anxious and depressive symptomatology, assessments of the impact of fatigue, sleep quality, memory failures in daily life, and the perceived general health status of the participants; (3) Results: significant differences between groups were found in incidental learning within the Key Numbers task (U = 462.5; p = 0.001; p = 0.022) and in the Direct Digit Span (U = 562; p = 0.022), but not in the Inverse Digit Span (U = 632.5; p = 0.105). Differences were also observed in the prospective memory task of the Rivermead Prospective Memory Tasks (from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test) in the recall of quotations (U = 610; p = 0.020) as well as in the recall of objects (U = 681.5; p = 0.032). Concerning the task of verbal fluency, significant differences were found for both phonological cues (p- and s-) (t = −2.190; p = 0.031) and semantic cues (animals) (t = −2.277; p = 0.025). In terms of the psychological impact assessment, significant differences were found in the emotional impact across all variables studied (fatigue, quality of sleep, memory lapses, and the perceived general health status), except for quality of life; (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that the sequelae derived from persistent COVID may have an impact on people’s lives, with higher levels of anxiety and depression, worse sleep quality, a greater number of subjective memory complaints, and a greater feeling of fatigue and impact on quality of life. Furthermore, poorer performance was observed in memory and verbal fluency.
Real-time assessment of eye movements during reading in individuals with central vision loss using eye-tracking technology: A pilot study
(2025-02-24) González Vides, Leonela Isarina; Cañadas, Pilar; Gómez Pedrero, Jose Antonio; Hernández Verdejo, Jose Luis
Purpose: To assess eye movements during reading in individuals with central vision loss using eye-tracking technology and an ad-hoc calibration method.
Materials and methods: This pilot case control study included 17 participants (61.7 ± 8.8 years), 12 women and 5 men) and 17 controls, matched for age and sex. Two ad hoc computer-based tests were administered to analyze eye movements during a single-letter reading task and continuous reading task, measured using a 60 Hz eye-tracking device.
Results: Individuals with central vision loss showed differences from the control group, with an increase in the number of fixations, saccadic movements, and regressions, whereas the amplitude and speed of saccades were lower. This resulted in longer reading times in the study group.
Conclusion: The results revealed lower performance in eye movements skills during reading tasks in patients with central vision loss. Eye-tracking devices allow the objective binocular assessment of eye movements during reading tasks. Our ad-hoc calibration method ensured minimal data loss and high validity, enhancing the reliability of the assessments. This information can be used to develop optimal and personalized functional and visual rehabilitation programs.
Neuroinflammatory Findings of Corneal Confocal Microscopy in Long COVID-19 Patients, 2 Years after Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection
(2023-10-12) Cañadas, Pilar; González Vides, Leonela Isarina; García Velasco, Marta Alberquilla; Arriola, Pedro; Guemes Villahoz, Noemi; Hernández Verdejo, Jose Luis
Objective: To describe corneal confocal microscopy findings in patients with long COVID-19 with persistent symptoms over 20 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study that included a total of 88 patients; 60 patients with Long COVID-19 and 28 controls. Long COVID-19 diagnosis was established according to the World Health Organization criteria. Corneal confocal microscopy using a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was performed to evaluate sub-basal nerve plexus morphology (corneal nerve fiber density, nerve fiber length, nerve branch density, nerve fiber total branch density, nerve fiber area, and nerve fiber width). Dendritic cell density and area, along with microneuromas and other morphological changes of the nerve fibers were recorded. Results: Long COVID-19 patients presented with reduced corneal nerve density and branch density as well as shorter corneal nerves compared to the control group. Additionally, Long COVID-19 patients showed an increased density of dendritic cells also with a greater area than that found in the control group of patients without systemic diseases. Microneuromas were detected in 15% of Long COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Long COVID-19 patients exhibited altered corneal nerve parameters and increased DC density over 20 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings are consistent with a neuroinflammatory condition hypothesized to be present in patients with Long COVID-19, highlighting the potential role of corneal confocal microscopy as a promising noninvasive technique for the study of patients with Long COVID-19
Explorando los factores que intervienen en la búsqueda de empleo de personas con parálisis cerebral de la Comunidad de Madrid
(2025-06-27) González Vides, Leonela Isarina
Este estudio analiza los factores que influyen en la búsqueda de empleo de personas con parálisis cerebral en la CAM. Mediante un diseño transversal, se aplicaron tres instrumentos (Cuestionario Sociodemográfico, Emplea+ y Escala de Autoeficacia) a 32 participantes. Los resultados indican un alto nivel de autoeficacia personal (M = X, DT = Y) y apoyo ambiental percibido, pero barreras en el acceso a recursos laborales. Aunque no se encontró correlación significativa entre entorno y empleo, las variables ambientales mostraron mayor influencia que las personales. Se discuten implicaciones para políticas de inclusión.
Entidades políticas e individuación
(2020-08) Sirias Arroyo, Jean Carlo
El trabajo examina la pertinencia de la teoría spinoziana del individuo compuesto en el registro de las entidades políticas. Se vale de una revisión de la Ética y la Carta 32. El objetivo es mostrar que la teoría del individuo compuesto no vale para sostener que estas entidades sean individuos.