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Aerobic exercise decreases postprandial soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 concentrations in metabolic syndrome
(2014-05) Plaisance, Eric Paul; Taylor, James Kyle; Mahurin, A Jack; Mestek, Michael L.; Moncada Jiménez, José; Fisher, Gordon; Roy, Jane; Mahan, Luke; Grandjean, Peter Walter
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a single session of aerobic exercise conducted before and after 6 wks of niacin on postprandial concentrations of soluble vascular adhesion molecules in men with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Twelve men (46 ± 2 yrs; BMI = 34.6 ± 0.8 kg·m2; % fat = 36 ± 2; VO2max = 27.5 ± 1.7 mL·min-1·kg-1; waist circumference = 109.5 ± 2.2 cm; HDL-C = 39 ± 8 mg·dL-1; triglycerides = 300 ± 44 mg·dL-1; HOMA score = 4.4 ± 0.8) completed each of four conditions prior to ingesting a HFM (1000 kcals, 100 g fat, 18g CHO, 3 g protein): No exercise Control; Exercise - treadmill walking (500 kcal energy expenditure at 65% VO2max) performed one hour prior to a HFM; Niacin - 6 weeks of niacin (1500 mg·d-1) and; Niacin + Exercise. Blood samples were obtained prior to and at two-hour intervals for eight hours following the HFM for each condition. Soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM1) concentrations were measured and total (AUCT) and incremental (AUCI) areas under the curve were calculated. Results: Exercise decreased sVCAM1 AUCI by 2-fold compared to Control (from 1256.5 ± 146.7 to 629.1 ± 98.4 ng·mL-1 × 8 hr; p< 0.05); whereas, niacin produced a 25% reduction that did not meet statistical significance. Combining exercise with niacin reduced sVCAM1 AUCI by a similar extent to exercise alone (559.0 ± 108.5 versus 629.1 ± 98.4 ng·mL-1 × 8 hr). Postprandial sICAM1 was not affected by any of the conditions or the HFM. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise reduces postprandial sVCAM1 concentrations with no further exercise-induced reductions observed after 6 weeks of niacin therapy. sICAM1 expression appears refractory to short-term niacin therapy and responses to single sessions of moderate-intensity exercise.
Body fat predicts forced vital capacity in college males
(2003) Moncada Jiménez, José
The study was designed to determine how body fat percentage (BF%), body fat distribution (BFD), and abdominal muscular endurance (AME) relate to pul-monary function (PF) as measured by the forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) among college (M= 22.82,SD = 2.45 yr) males (N= 60). Multiple regression analyses were calculated. A ceiling effect for AME was found; hence, AME was not used as a predictor variable in the multiple regression analyses. The distribution of MIP values was leptokurtic; therefore, MIP was excluded from the analysis. Body weight (p =.00) and body height (p=.03) were positively related to FVC. BF% was inversely (p=.05) related to FVC but was unrelated to FEV1 or FEV1/FVC. The predictor variable BFD was unrelated to FVC, FEV 1, or FEV 1 /FVC. In conclusion, increased proportions of fat were inversely related to FVC in college males.
Perfil sociodemográfico y de salud de personas con hipertensión, dislipidemia y sobrepeso
(2016-12-14) Vílchez Barboza, Vivian; Paravic Klijn, Tatiana María; Salazar Molina, Alide Alejandrina
Introducción. El abordaje y prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es un reto para la Enfermería y la construcción del conocimiento. En Chile, las enfermedades cardiovasculares es uno de los temas principales incluidos en los Objetivos Sanitarios 2011-2020. Objetivo. Identificar el perfil sociodemográfico y de salud de personas con hipertensión, dislipidemia y sobrepeso del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular (PSCV) de los seis Centros de Salud Municipalizados de Concepción, Chile, en el año 2013. Material y Método. Estudio descriptivo, participaron 109 personas, entre 35 y 64 años con tres factores de riesgo cardiovascular, ingresados al PSCV. Instrumentos y mediciones: Cuestionario de datos biosociodemográficos y de salud e Indicadores Físicos: Presión Arterial Sistólica y Diastólica, Circunferencia Abdominal; Índice de Masa Corporal, Colesterol Total, Col-HDL, Col-LDL, Triglicéridos, Col-Total/HDL y LDL/HDL. Resultados. 69,7% mujeres y 30,3% hombres, 63% entre los 55-64 años. La mayoría casados, 53,3% en condición laboral ocupada. Los medicamentos permanentes más utilizados son Atorvastatina, Losartán y Enalapril. Los encuestados consumen tres comidas al día, el 67% se autopercibe en peso normal, el 40% no realiza ninguna acción para mantener su peso. En los indicadores físicos, las mujeres destacan las cifras promedio: CT 190,2mg/dl, Col-LDL 114,7mg/dl, CA 94,5cm y Presión Arterial 131/90mmHg. En cuanto a los hombres, las cifras promedio muestran: CT 181,5mg/dl, Col-LDL 109,4mg/dl, CA 98,5cm y Presión Arterial 137/94mmHg. Conclusión. Los resultados permiten formular estrategias innovadoras de intervención de enfermería para reducir la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población con hipertensión, sobrepeso y dislipidemia, adecuada al nivel educativo y al sexo.
Ejercicio físico: terapia no tradicional para personas con cáncer
(2004-04-03) Moncada Jiménez, José
En este artículo se resume el estado actual del conocimiento científico en el área de la prescripción del ejercicio físico para personas con cáncer. Se discuten aspectos relevantes acerca de la modalidad, frecuencia, intensidad, duración y progresión del ejercicio recomendadas por investigadores independientes y por el American College of Sports Medicine. En estudios de corte epidemiológico se ha observado que el ejercicio físico puede brindar un efecto protector contra la aparición de ciertos tipos de cáncer, en particular el cáncer de mama en mujeres y el cáncer de colon en varones. Por su parte, en estudios descriptivos y experimentales se ha encontrado que el ejercicio puede ser un excelente complemento para aliviar los efectos colaterales de las terapias tradicionales como la quimioterapia y la radioterapia, y permite reducir aspectos como la fatiga, la ansiedad y la depresión, y aumentar el vigor, el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx), fuerza muscular, condición física y calidad de vida. Dada la creciente evidencia científica acerca del tema, se recomienda a los médicos trabajar en conjunto con los profesionales de las ciencias del movimiento humano para brindar una atención integral al paciente con cáncer.
Clinical profiles at the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Costa Rica during the pre-vaccination period using a machine learning approach
(2022-06-07) Molina Mora, José Arturo; González, Alejandra; Jiménez Morgan, Sergio; Cordero Laurent, Estela; Brenes Porras, Hebleen; Soto Garita, Claudio; Sequeira Soto, Jorge; Duarte Martínez, Francisco Javier
The clinical manifestations of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, define a large spectrum of symptoms that are mainly dependent on the human host conditions. In Costa Rica, more than 169,000 cases and 2185 deaths were reported during the year 2020, the pre-vaccination period. To describe the clinical presentations at the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Costa Rica during the pre-vaccination period, we implemented a symptom-based clustering using machine learning to identify clusters or clinical profiles at the population level among 18,974 records of positive cases. Profiles were compared based on symptoms, risk factors, viral load, and genomic features of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence. A total of 18 symptoms at time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported with a frequency > 1%, and those were used to identify seven clinical profiles with a specific composition of clinical manifestations. In the comparison between clusters, a lower viral load was found for the asymptomatic group, while the risk factors and the SARS-CoV-2 genomic features were distributed among all the clusters. No other distribution patterns were found for age, sex, vital status, and hospitalization. In conclusion, during the pre-vaccination time in Costa Rica, the symptoms at the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were described in clinical profiles. The host co-morbidities and the SARS-CoV-2 genotypes are not specific of a particular profile, rather they are present in all the groups, including asymptomatic cases. In addition, this information can be used for decision-making by the local healthcare institutions (first point of contact with health professionals, case definition, or infrastructure). In further analyses, these results will be compared against the profiles of cases during the vaccination period.