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Improved walk test performance and blood pressure responses in men and women completing cardiac rehabilitation: Implications regarding exercise trainability
(2021-02-22) Araya Ramírez, Felipe; Moncada Jiménez, José; Grandjean, Peter Walker; Franklin, Barry A.
Purpose. To evaluate changes in walk test performance and blood pressure (BP) responses following a 12-week exercise-based outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Methods. Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and resting systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), post-6MWT heart rate (HR), and post-6MWT BPs were measured before and after CR in 311 (237 men,74 women) patients. Using age as a covariate, 2 by 2 (Gender × Measurement) ANCOVAs were used to determine differences in 6MWT performance and hemodynamic variables. Results. After adjusting for age, men covered a greater 6MWT distance than women; pre-CR versus post-CR program values are as follows: men, 429.3 ± 94.6 versus 557.6 ± 90.7 m, P ≤ .001; women, 374.9 ± 100.7 versus 483.2 ± 82.9 m, P ≤ .001. Both genders reduced resting DBP following the CR program (men: 67.2 ± 9.8 vs 65.6 ± 8.5 mm Hg, P = .034; women: 69.2 ± 10.7 vs 65.0 ± 8.0 mm Hg, P = .001) and increased HR following the 6MWT after the CR program (men: 97.7 ± 16.8 vs 112.7 ± 21.3 bpm, P ≤ .001; women: 100.7 ± 20.8 vs 110.2 ± 22.0 bpm, P ≤ .001). Similarly, SBP increased immediately following the 6MWT (122.8 ± 18.5 vs 133.6 ± 20.7 mm Hg; P ≤ .001) in men but not in women. Conclusion. The present findings indicate similar relative improvements in 6MWT performance and BP responses in adherent men and women following an exercise-based CR program.
Dietary analysis and body composition of male and female Costa Rican college soccer players
(2017-05) Sojo Rodríguez, Natalia; Cordero Vargas, Mariángela; Chinnock McNeil, Anne Eliza; Chacón Araya, Yamileth; Moncada Jiménez, José
Purpose: To determine macronutrient consumption and body composition in male and female college competitive soccer players. Methods: Participants were 22 male (mean age = 21.4 ± 1.9 yr.) and 19 female (mean age = 20.1 ± 1.7 yr.) varsity team soccer players who were interviewed for dietary assessment using a 7-day diet history questionnaire. Body composition was obtained by a full-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Total energy and macronutrient analysis was performed following the nutritional interview, and body height, weight, lean mass, fat mass (%), and intermuscular adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass (IMAT-SMM) were obtained from the DXA scan. Gender differences were obtained by independent samples t-tests. Results: Energy intake was higher in males (19 377 ± 5 514 kJ) than in females (13 066 ± 4 610 kJ; p ≤ 0.001). Carbohydrate intake was higher in males (10.3 ± 3.2 g/kg) than in females (7.9 ± 3.8 g/kg; p = 0.010). Protein intake was higher in males (2.2 ± 0.8 g/kg) than in females (1.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.031). Fat consumption was similar between males (1.9 ± 0.8 g/kg) and females (1.7 ± 0.6 g/kg; p = 0.117). Body height (176.0 ± 6.1 vs. 160.4 ± 3.4 cm), weight (69.3 ± 7.7 vs. 59.2 ± 6.5 kg), lean mass (26.0 ± 2.0 vs. 16.9 ± 1.4 kg), and IMAT-SMM (31.0 ± 2.3 vs. 20.2 ± 1.6 kg) mean values were higher in males than in females (p ≤ 0.001 for all). Fat mass was higher in females (31.4 ± 6.4 %) than in males (14.8 ± 5.2 %; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: An excessive energy and carbohydrate intake was found in both genders. Protein and fat intake were appropriate for both genders. Body composition in males showed similar values compared to previously reported literature; however, females showed poor body composition compared to international values.
Effect of yoga, meditation or body awareness on sports performance and attention in futsal players
(2017-05) Cascante Rusenhack, Marcio Maciel; Araya Vargas, Gerardo Alonso; Salazar Rojas, Wálter; Salicetti Fonseca, Alejandro; Moncada Jiménez, José
Purpose: To determine the chronic effect of yoga, meditation or body awareness practice produces significant improvements in attention and sports performance in futsal players. A second aim was to determine the association between attention and sports performance. Methods: Thirty subjects (15 men, 15 women) were randomly assigned to four groups: Meditation (MG) (n = 8, mean age = 20.8 ± 2.4 yr.), Yoga (YG) (n = 8, mean age = 21.2 ± 1.6 yr.), Body awareness (BA) (n = 7, mean age = 20.5 ± 1.4 yr.), and Control Group (CG) (n = 7, mean age = 21.0 ± 2.3 yr.). Before (pre) and after (post) nine yoga, meditation or body awareness sessions, the subjects were measured on attention with the Stroop Test, and on sports performance with the Loughborough soccer passing test. Results: There was no significant interaction in attention and sport performance (p > 0.05). There were significant main effects in measurement (pre- to -post) on attention (Pre = 51.7 ± 5.7 vs. Post = 54.6 ± 4.5 hits, p < 0.05), and for sport performance (Pre = 65.2 ± 5.7 vs. Post = 63.6 ± 5.1-s, p < 0.05). No significant correlations were found between the change in attention scores and sport performance in experimental groups MG (r = 0.62), YG (r = 0.20), BA (r = 0.16), and CG (r = 0.20) (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Meditation, yoga and body awareness exercises do not influence attention or sport performance in futsal players.
Actividad electromiografía de los isquiotibiales, sometidos a una única sesión de flexibilidad estática usando vendaje neuromuscular
(2018-11-15) Tadeu Grzelczak, Marcos; Cordeiro de Souza, William; Moncada Jiménez, José; Lapchinski, Tamires; Cascante Rusenhack, Marcio Maciel; Carvalheiro Reiser, Fernando; Martin Dantas, Estélio Henrique; Smolarek, André de Camargo; Gomes Mascarenhas, Luis Paulo
El objetivo del estudio fue verificar si la aplicación de vendaje neuromuscular (Kinesio Taping), ejercicios de flexibilidad estáticos afecta significativamente la actividad electromiográfica de los músculos isquiotibiales, el rendimiento en un teste de flexibilidad estática o la dimensión angular del ángulo poplíteo. La muestra de este estudio estuvo compuesta por 23 sujetos con una edad promedio de 24.65+4.31, de ambos sexos. Fueron divididos en cuatro grupos, a todos se les midió la masa corporal y la estatura y se obtuvo el IMC. La evaluación de la flexibilidad fue realizada a través de dos pruebas, el test de sentar y alcanzar y la angulación del ángulo poplíteo. Las señales electromiográficas fueron evaluadas por medio de un electromiógrafo. Todos los grupos realizaron flexibilidad estática, mediante seis series de 10 segundos, en dos grupos se controló la percepción del esfuerzo por medio de la PERFLEX, mientras que a los otros dos grupos se les aplicó el vendaje neuromuscular una hora antes del test. Se realizó una ANOVA, luego se efectúo un post-hoc de Tukey, con un nivel de significancia establecido p<0.05. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en el test de sentar y alcanzar (p< 0.001); en la angulación (p< 0.001); en la señal de EMG Canal 1 (p<0.001) y en la señal de EMG canal 2 (p< 0.02). Se concluye que, existe influencia del vendaje neuromuscular, de los ejercicios de flexibilidad y, mejorando la flexibilidad de los músculos isquiotibiales, aumentando la angulación del ángulo poplíteo y disminuyendo la actividad electromiográfica de los músculos isquiotibiales.
The acute effect of aerobic and resistance training on arterial diameter: A meta-analysis
(2017-05) Briceño Torres, José Miguel; Moncada Jiménez, José
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute response of two exercise modes (aerobic and resistance training) on the endothelium vascular diameter. Methods: A meta-analysis was planned where the inclusion criteria for studies were: 1) experimental trials; 2) only one exercise session (acute treatment); 3) aerobic (AE) or resistance training (RT) interventions; 4) studies in human adults with no heart disease; 5) studies published only in English language; and 6) studies with pre and post flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurement. The electronic search was performed in six databases (PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct, SAGE Journals, Sport Discus and Nature), cross-referencing, and hand searching, using the following combinations of words “Acute exercise FMD”, “endothelial exercise function”, “vascular exercise endothelium”, and “FMD exercise”. Hedge’s standardized mean difference effect size (ES) was calculated for each result; then, ESs pooled using random-effects models. Non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I2, while funnel plots and Egger’s regression test were used to assess small-study effects (potential bias). Results: A total of 13 studies were meta-analyzed and 40 ESs computed from 378 (245 men and 133 women) participants. Of the 40 ESs, 27 were on AE, 9 on RT and 4 on control groups (no exercise). The AE training revealed no significant effect on artery diameter (ES= 0.26; CI95%= 0.00, 0.52; Q= 14.2; p= 0.11; I2= 0%). The RT interventions indicated no significant effect (ES= 0.29; CI95%= -0.08, 0.66; Q 0.38; p= 0.25; I2= 0%). Conclusions: Neither aerobic or resistance training elicited an acute response on vascular function. More research is needed to better understand the physiological mechanisms responsible for this response.