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The effect of chronic high‑intensity interval training programs on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients: A meta‑analysis
(2023-07-15) Arrieta Leandro, María Cristina; Moncada Jiménez, José; Morales Scholz, María Gabriela; Hernández Elizondo, Jessenia
Background: Type 2 diabetes is an increasing health problem worldwide. HIIT has been proposed as an exercise alternative to be part of integral type 2 diabetes treatment. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the efect of diferent types of chronic HIIT on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in individuals above 18 years with T2D. Design: This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO on November 21st, 2021. Data sources: A systematic literature search of the following databases: EbscoHost (Academic Search Ultimate, Fuente Académica Plus, MEDline and SportDiscus), Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE between April of 2021 and April of 2023 was conducted. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Eligibility criteria included (1) participants aged≥18 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, (2) an HIIT protocol with detailed description, (3) control group and/or continuous aerobic training comparison group, (4) report of pre-test and post-test values for at least one of the studied variables (from glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and/or body composition), and (5) experimental or quasi-experimental intervention design. Analyses: Meta-analysis was made by a pre–post-test between-group analysis following the inverse variance heterogeneity model for each variable, and then, a subgroup analysis by type of HIIT was conducted. Results: Of the 2817 records obtained, 180 records were included for meta-analysis. Signifcant improvements were found in the most part of the variables when HIIT was compared to control group, while fat-free mass kept without changes. HIIT vs. continuous aerobic training results showed and advantage in favor of HIIT for fasting blood glycemia. Subgroup analysis refers a possible advantage of SI-HIIT and SIT-HIIT in the improvement of fasting glycemia and SIT-HIIT advantage in HOMA 1-IR decrease. Conclusions: HIIT improves glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and % fat and waist circumference, and kept fat-free mass unchanged in individuals with T2D. SI-HIIT and SIT-HIIT could be better than the other types of HIIT. HIIT beneft is similar to continuous aerobic training except for fasting blood glycemia.
Unhealthy dieting during the COVID-19 pandemic: An opinion regarding the harmful effects on brain health
(2022-04-27) Rentería, Iván; García Suárez, Patricia Concepción; Moncada Jiménez, José; Machado Parra, Juan Pablo; de Moura Mello Antunes, Bárbara; Santos de Lira, Fábio; Jiménez Maldonado, Alberto
Since 2020, the world has been suffering from a pandemic that has affected thousands of people regardless of socio-economic conditions, forcing the population to adopt different strategies to prevent and control the advance of the disease, one of which is social distancing. Even though social distancing is a safe strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, it is also the cause of a rising sedentary behavior. This behavior develops an excess of fat tissue that leads to metabolic and inflammatory disruption related to chronic diseases and mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep issues. Furthermore, the adoption of dietary patterns involving the consumption of ultra-processed foods, higher in fats and sugars, and the reduction of fresh and healthy foods may play a role in the progress of the disease. In this perspective, we will discuss how an unhealthy diet can affect brain function and, consequently, be a risk factor for mental health diseases.
A meta-analysis of the chronic effect of exercise on phase angle in non-athletes
(2023-09) Peralta Brenes, Mariana; Briceño Torres, José Miguel; Carpio Rivera, Elizabeth; Chacón Araya, Yamileth; Moncada Jiménez, José
Regular exercise elicits positive health and body composition adaptations that can be measured by electrical bioimpedance analysis (bia). The phase angle from bia has been proposed as a biomarker of cellular health; however, there is a lack of consensus about the long-term effects of exercise on phase angle in non-athletic populations. Purpose: to determine the chronic effect of physical exercise on the phase angle of non-athletes. Methods: an aggregate data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed. The search included articles published in english, spanish, and portuguese using the ebscohost platform, pubmed, redalyc, science direct collection, and scopus databases, cross-referencing, and expert review. Standardized mean difference effect sizes (es) were analyzed using the inverse variance heterogeneity (ivhet) model. Non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals were considered statistically significant. The magnitude of the ess was interpreted as trivial (0-0.19), small (0.20-0.49), moderate (0.50-0.79), and large (≥ 0.80). Heterogeneity was analyzed by cochran’s q test, inconsistency between studies with the i2 test, and small-study effects by visual inspection of doi plots as well as the lfk index. Results: twenty-six effect sizes were computed from 11 studies (n = 15 experimental, n = 11 control). For the overall between-group differences, the es for the phase angle was small and non-significant (es = -0.35, q = 0.52, p = 1.00; i2 = 0%; lfk = -0.43; 95%ci = -1.01, 0.32). The es for exercise groups on the phase angle was statistically significant and considered as small to moderate (es = 0.44; q = 4.93, p = 0.99; i2 = 0%; lfk = 0.46; 95% ci = 0.28, 0.60), while for the non-exercise control groups it was also statistically significant and considered as trivial to small (es = -0.20; q = 5.15, p = 0.88; i2 = 0%; lfk = 0.45; 95%ci = -0.40, -0.01). Conclusion: exercise did not change the phase angle in non-athletes compared to controls. There was a small and significant mean effect of exercise training on the phase angle in exercising individuals from baseline.
Relación entre variables de desempeño físicas y psicológicas en jóvenes deportistas de Costa Rica y España
(2022-07-07) Sáenz López Buñuel, Pedro; Moncada Jiménez, José; Hernández Elizondo, Jessenia; Salicetti Fonseca, Alejandro
El objetivo del estudio fue describir la relación de la inteligencia emocional, rendimiento percibido, percepción de la condición física y satisfacción con la vida analizando las diferencias por género y por países (Costa Rica y España) con el fin de establecer estrategias que mejoren aspectos del entrenamiento deportivo. Para ello, se administró un cuestionario a jóvenes deportistas de ambos países con escalas que medían las citadas variables. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas de la inteligencia emocional con el rendimiento percibido, con la condición física percibida y con la satisfacción con la vida. Por su parte, las mujeres de deportes individuales mostraron más inteligencia emocional y satisfacción con la vida que los hombres. Por países, las deportistas individuales femeninas españolas mostraron puntajes mayores que las costarricenses en las variables inteligencia emocional y satisfacción con la vida, mientras que los deportistas individuales masculinos costarricenses mostraron puntajes de inteligencia emocional mayores que los españoles.
The effects of interval training on peripheral brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(2021-04-26) García Suárez, Patricia Concepción; Rentería, Iván; Plaisance, Eric Paul; Moncada Jiménez, José; Jiménez Maldonado, Alberto
The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic interval training (IT) on serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in healthy young adults. A literature search was performed using six databases until February 2020. The TESTEX scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values < 0.05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I2), and small-study effects using the Luis Furuya–Kanamori (LFK) index were examined. Fifteen studies (n = 277 participants, age = 24 ± 3 years) were included. The overall effects of IT on circulating BDNF concentrations were moderate and significant (ES = 0.62, 95% CI 0.00, 1.24, heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I2 = 90%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 2.76). The acute effect of IT on peripheral BDNF levels was large and significant (ES = 1.10, 95% CI 0.07, 2.14), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I2 = 92%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 3.34). The chronic effect of IT on circulating BDNF was large and significant (ES = 0.93, 95% CI 0.40, 1.46), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), with moderate inconsistency (I2 = 70%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index = 1.21). Acute and chronic IT elicited a moderate increase in serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in a healthy young population.