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Salud física y estrés en oficiales de seguridad de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el año 2014
(2016) Briceño Torres, José Miguel; Moncada Jiménez, José
Objetivo: Existe escasa evidencia acerca de la aptitud física y la salud psicológica de los oficiales de seguridad universitarios. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la salud física y psicológica de los oficiales de seguridad de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Método: En el estudio participaron 26 hombres, cuyo promedio (M ± DE) de edad, peso, estatura e índice de masa corporal (IMC) fueron 42,0 ± 7,2 años, 87,3 ± 14.9 kg, 173,3 ± 5,4 cm, y 29,1 ± 4,7 kg/m2, respectivamente. Los participantes llenaron el cuestionario Job Stress Survey (JSS) y se les evaluó la densidad mineral ósea, % de grasa corporal, la capacidad aeróbica, fuerza muscular, resistencia muscular y flexibilidad. Resultados: Se encontraron puntajes bajos en el JSS (M = 14,8 ± 7,3 pts.), y correlaciones significativas (p < 0,05) entre la resistencia muscular y la capacidad aeróbica (r = 0,44), flexibilidad y capacidad aeróbica (r = 0,40) y densidad mineral ósea y fuerza muscular (r = 0,44). Discusión: En conclusión, los oficiales de seguridad de la Universidad de Costa Rica poseen bajo estrés laboral, y de acuerdo a las guías actuales del Colegio Americano de Medicina Deportiva se catalogan como personas con sobrepeso, con capacidad aeróbica y flexibilidad “pobre”, fuerza muscular “promedio”, aunque con una resistencia muscular “muy buena”.
Balance, attention and concentration improvements following an exergame training program in the elderly
(2015) Santamaría Guzmán, Keven; Salicetti Fonseca, Alejandro; Moncada Jiménez, José
Purpose: To examine the acute effects and chronic adaptations to an exergame training program on attention, concentration, static and dynamic balance in older adults. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy older adults (Mean age = 63.15 ± 5.79 yr.), were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. The experimental group played the Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) video game. A battery of physical and cognitive tests was applied before and after 15 sessions (3 sessions/week, 5 weeks) to measure attention, concentration, static and dynamic balance. Results: Compared to controls, significant mean differences were found in the acute effect on dynamic balance (Pre = 5.19 ± 0.29 vs. Post= 4.78 ± 0.15 s, p = 0.0001), concentration (Pre = 740.71 ± 20.43 vs. Post = 766.14 ± 8.52 pts., p = 0.015), and attention (Pre = 54.93 ± 6.92 vs. Post = 69.14 ± 3.48 pts., p = 0.0001). Significant chronic effects were also found on concentration (Pre = 740.71 ± 20.43 vs. Post = 770.5 ± 7.22 pts., p = 0.002), attention (Pre = 54.93 ± 6.92 vs. Post = 72.86 ± 1.66 pts., p = 0.0001), and static (Pre = 0.0154 ± 0.0015 vs. Post = 0.0124 ± 0.0020 m/s, p = 0.006) and dynamic balance (Pre = 5.19 ± 0.29 vs. Post = 3.93 ± 0.27 s, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Acute and chronic improvements were observed in attention, concentration, dynamic balance and static balance in healthy older adults playing the DDR exergame.
Acute consumption of an energy drink does not improve physical performance of female volleyball players
(2014) Fernández Campos, Catalina; Dengo Flores, Ana Laura; Moncada Jiménez, José
To determine the acute effect of an energy drink (ED) on physical performance of professional female volleyball players. 19 females (age= 22.3 ± 4.9 yr.; height= 171.8 ± 9.4 cm; weight= 65.2 ± 10.1 kg) participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study to measure grip strength, vertical jump and anaerobic power in 3 different sessions (ED, placebo [PL] or no beverage [CTL]). For each session, participants arrived in a fasted state, consumed a standardized breakfast meal, and 1 hr later completed the 3 baseline performance tests without having ingested the beverage. After completing the premeasurements, the athletes drank 6 ml/kg of body weight of the ED or PL and in the CTL condition no beverage was consumed. Posttest measurements were taken 30 min after the ingestion of liquids. A 3 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no significant within-session and measurement time interactions for each performance test. Regardless of the measurement time, right hand grip strength was significantly higher in the ED condition (34.6 ± 0.9 kg) compared with PL (33.4 ± 1.1 kg) and CTL (33.6 ± 1.0 kg) (p > 0.05). Regardless of the beverage ingested, averaged right hand grip strength, taking into account all 3 testing conditions, increased from pre to posttesting (Pre = 33.8 ± 0.9 kg vs. Post = 33.9 ± 1.0 kg; p = 0.029), as did the averaged fatigue index, obtained from the anaerobic power test (Pre = 65.9± 2.2% vs. Post = 68.7± 2.0%; p= 0.049). The acute ingestion of an ED did not improve physical performance of professional Costa Rican female volleyball players.
Postprandial blood lipid responses to aerobic exercise and niacin therapy in men with metabolic syndrome
(2007-05) Plaisance, Eric Paul; Grandjean, Peter Walter; Mahurin, Alonzo Jack; Mestek, Michael L.; Taylor, James Kyle; Moncada Jiménez, José
Purpose: Our purpose was to compare the combined effects of a single session of aerobic exercise and six weeks of extended-release niacin in men with the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Fifteen men meeting NCEP criteria for the metabolic syndrome (46 ± 2 yrs of age; BMI = 34.0 ± 0.8 kg/m2; waist circumference = 107.9 ±2.1 cm; HOMA score = 4.3 ± 0.5; triglycerides = 286 ± 26 and HDL-C = 40 ± 2 mg/dL; % fat = 35 ± 5; VO2max = 27.7 ± 5.1 mL.min-1.kg-1) underwent each of four conditions: Control - high-fat meal only (1000 kcals, 100 g fat); Exercise - exercise performed one hour prior to a high-fat meal; Niacin - high-fat meal consumed after six weeks of extended-release niacin; Niacin + Exercise - high-fat meal consumed after six weeks of extended-release niacin and a single session of exercise. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at two-hour intervals for up to eight hours following the high-fat meals. Temporal responses for triglyceride and insulin concentrations were measured and total (AUCT) and incremental (AUCI) areas under the curve were calculated for these two variables. Differences were determined using multiple repeated-measures ANOVAs (p < 0.05 for all significant differences). Results: Body weights remained stable over the experimental period. Exercise lowered the triglyceride AUCT by 12%; yet, the 23% and 27% reduction in triglyceride AUCT with Niacin and Niacin + Exercise were significantly lower than Control and Exercise. Exercise, however, was the only condition that significantly lowered the triglyceride AUCI. Compared to Control, Niacin increased insulin concentrations by 54% two hours after the high-fat meal, but by only 38% when combined with exercise. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise and niacin are both effective interventions for reducing postprandial lipemia in men with metabolic syndrome. Exercise and niacin appear to attenuate postprandial lipemia by similar and potentially different mechanisms.
Fasting blood lipid responses to aerobic exercise and niacin therapy in men with metabolic syndrome
(2007-05) Grandjean, Peter Walter; Plaisance, Eric Paul; Mahurin, Alonzo Jack; Mestek, Michael L.; Taylor, James Kyle; Moncada Jiménez, José
Purpose: Our purpose was to compare the fasting blood lipid response to aerobic exercise before and after 6 wks of niacin therapy in men with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Fifteen men with the metabolic syndrome (46 + 2 yrs of age; BMI = 34.0 + 0.8 kg/m2; waist circumference = 107.9 + 2.1 cm; HOMA score = 4.3 + 0.5; triglycerides = 286 + 26 and HDL-C =40 + 2 mg/dL; % fat =35 + 5; VO2max = 27.7 +5.1 mL.min-1.kg-1) expended 500 kcals by walking on a treadmill at 65% of VO2max before and after a 6-wk regimen of prescription niacin. Niacin doses were titrated by 500 mg/wk from 500 to 1500 mg/dy and maintained at 1500 mg/dy for the last 4 wks. Fasting blood samples were obtained prior to, 24 and 48 hrs after exercise. Differences in serum triglyceride, glucose and insulin concentrations and clinical indices of insulin sensitivity (HOMA and glucose/insulin ratio) were determined by multiple 2 (condition) by 3 (time) repeated-measures ANOVAs (p < 0.05 for all significant differences). Results: Body weights remained stable over the experimental period. Triglyceride concentrations were reduced by 15% and 27% at 24 and 48 hrs post-exercise. Niacin lowered baseline triglycerides by 34% but attenuated the triglyceride-lowering effect of exercise. Glucose concentrations did not change with exercise alone but after 6-wks of niacin increased 10% above baseline values 24 and 48 hrs post-exercise. Insulin concentrations and the HOMA scores were 21 and 23% higher and the glucose/insulin ratio was 21% lower after niacin; however, these variables were not altered by exercise. Conclusions: A single session of aerobic exercise transiently reduced fasting triglycerides to the same degree as 6 wks of niacin therapy. However, the niacin-mediated reductions in fasting triglycerides and clinical markers of insulin sensitivity appear to attenuate the short-term triglyceride lowering effect of a single exercise session in physic ally-inactive men with metabolic syndrome.